How to say "bitterly" in Japanese

• つらく
  adverbMatches 'bitterly' in the sense of harshly or cruelly — treating, scolding, or criticizing someone in a hard, painful way. Usually written in kana, and a less common choice.
• 嫌というほどいやというほど
  expression, adverbCovers 'bitterly' in the sense of 'extremely' or 'keenly': something unpleasant is experienced to an excessive, more-than-enough degree — literally 'to a disagreeable extent'. A less common expression.

Both are less common ways to render 'bitterly': pick 「つらく」 for harsh or cruel treatment of people, and 「嫌というほど」 when something unpleasant is experienced to an extreme, more-than-enough degree.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• つらくharshly
• さめざめ(weep) quietly
• 嫌というほどいやというほどbitterly