How to say "climate" in Japanese

• 気候きこうJLPT N3approx.Common
  nounCovers climate in the weather sense: the typical weather conditions of a region or country. Use it when comparing the climates of different places or describing an area as mild, humid, or harsh.
  その国くには気候きこうが温和おんわだ。↗

  That country has a mild climate.
• 風土ふうどJLPT N1approx.Common
  nounRefers to a land's natural features — topography, climate — and its spiritual character; climate is one element of this broader picture. It is seldom the word for the weather sense; use 気候 for that.
  スポロアウト先生せんせいが植物しょくぶつを新あたらしい風土ふうどに馴染なじませた。↗

  Professor Sprout acclimated the plant to a new environment.

Use 気候 for climate in the weather sense — the typical weather conditions of a region; use 風土 for a land's natural features and spiritual character taken as a whole, where climate is only one element.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 気候きこうclimate
• 風土ふうどnatural features
• 季候きこうseason