How to say "courteous" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • 丁寧ていねいJLPT N4approx.Common
    na-adjective, nounThe general word for polite, courteous manner, speech, or writing; it suggests careful, attentive politeness and covers ordinary courtesy in everyday situations.
  • 丁重ていちょうCommon
    na-adjective, nounCourteous with an added nuance of respect and hospitality; it suggests dealing with a person in a careful, respectful, welcoming way, as with a guest.
    がまんするのが難むずかしいのは彼かれの度どを超こした丁重ていちょうさである。↗
    What is hard to put up with is his over-politeness.
  • 儀礼的ぎれいてきCommon
    na-adjectiveCourteous in a formal, ritualistic way: politeness observed as social form, often without genuine feeling behind it, as in ceremonial greetings or official replies.
  • 手厚いてあついCommon
    i-adjectiveCourteous with personal warmth: kind, cordial, hospitable treatment or reception, as in a hearty welcome or attentive, generous care.
    Captain Cook thanked the natives for their hospitality.

Use 丁寧 for politeness and courtesy in general, 丁重 for respectful, hospitable courtesy, 儀礼的 for courtesy that is a matter of form or ritual, and 「手厚い」 for warm, cordial treatment or reception.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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