我慢|がまんgaman[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbendurance; patience; perseverance; bearing (with something)
   この寒さむさは我慢がまん出来できないな。↗

   I can't put up with this cold.
2. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbself-control; self-restraint

• Synonym忍耐にんたいNeutralEnduring hardship over a long period, as in 「忍耐強い」; leans written, while 「我慢」 is more colloquial and everyday.
• Synonym自制じせいWrittenWritten word for restraining one's own emotions and desires, as in 「自制心」; the stress is on self-discipline.
• Synonym辛抱しんぼうNeutralPatiently keeping on through a stretch of time, as in 「もう少しの辛抱だ」; the stress is on enduring the period.
• Synonym耐えるたえるNeutralVerb for bearing or withstanding, as in 「痛みに耐える」; also used of things standing up to conditions, as in 「高温に耐える」.
• Synonym堪忍かんにんNeutralFocuses on suppressing anger and forgiving someone, as in 「堪忍してください」; now heard mostly in Kansai speech or old-fashioned usage.
• Synonym隠忍いんにんWrittenWritten word for enduring quietly without letting feelings show, as in 「隠忍自重」; rare.
• Synonym克己こっきWrittenWritten word for conquering one's own desires, as in 「克己心」; carries a moral self-cultivation flavor.
• Related持ちこたえるもちこたえるNeutralHolding out and keeping things from collapsing, as in 「何とか持ちこたえる」; typically about a situation or a defensive line.
• Related乗り越えるのりこえるNeutralGetting over and conquering a difficulty, as in 「試練を乗り越える」; stresses having beaten it and moving forward.
• Related乗り切るのりきるNeutralWeathering a crisis through to its end, as in 「不況を乗り切る」; the stress is on holding out until it ends.
• Related抑制よくせいWrittenWritten word for curbing or suppressing; the object can be feelings or desires, but also prices or an illness, as in 「感情を抑制する」; more formal than 「我慢」.
• Related自粛じしゅくNeutralVoluntarily refraining from something of one's own accord, as in 「外出を自粛する」; mostly used at the societal level.
• Related抑止よくしWrittenWritten word for deterring or checking an action, as in 「犯罪の抑止」「核抑止力」; the object is usually someone else's behavior.
• Related抑えるおさえるNeutralVerb for pressing down and controlling, as in 「感情を抑える」「出費を抑える」; 「我慢」 stresses the endurance itself.
• RelatedこらえるNeutralVerb for holding back tears, laughter or pain in the moment, as in 「涙をこらえる」; the stress is on suppressing it right now.
• RelatedたまるCasualColloquial verb used only in negatives or rhetorical questions like 「たまるか」「たまらない」, meaning you cannot stand something.
• Antonym爆発ばくはつNeutralAntonym for an outburst of pent-up emotion, as in 「怒りが爆発する」, the opposite of holding it in.
• Antonym放縦ほうじゅうWrittenWritten antonym: self-indulgent, wilful behavior, the opposite of the restraint 「我慢」 describes.

「我慢」 is the everyday noun for putting up with things or holding back; as verbs, say 「耐える」 or 「こらえる」. Pick 「辛抱」 for sticking it out over time, 「抑える」 for keeping feelings in check, 「乗り切る」 for getting through a crisis and 「乗り越える」 for overcoming one. 「忍耐」 and 「自制」 lean written; 「持ちこたえる」 is for holding a position; 「堪る」 only appears in negatives or rhetorical questions like 「たまるか」; 「自粛」 is voluntary restraint and 「抑止」 deters others.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 精神的せいしんてき・肉体的にくたいてき苦痛くつうなどを耐たえること。
2. たのしみなどを忍耐にんたいして控ひかえること。
3. 七なな慢まんの一ひとつ。自己じこに執着しゅうちゃくし、自分じぶんを偉えらいと思おもい他人たにんを軽視けいしする心こころ。
4. 精神的せいしんてき・肉体的にくたいてき苦痛くつうなどを耐たえる。
5. たのしみなどを忍耐にんたいして控ひかえる。