How to say "deem" in Japanese

• みなすCommon
  godan verb, transitive verbCovers 'deem' in the sense of regarding or treating one thing as another — deciding that something counts as something else, as when a rule or law deems it so. Usually written in kana alone.
  私はその男おとこを敵てきと見みなした。↗

  I regarded the man as an enemy.
• 認めるみとめるJLPT N3approx.Common
  ichidan verb, transitive verbDeems in the sense of judging or assessing: concluding that something is the case, as when a court finds a claim valid. The verb also means 'recognize' and 'acknowledge'; for plain 'regard as', use みなす.

Choose 「みなす」 when 'deem' means treating or regarding one thing as another, and 「認める」 when it means judging or assessing that something is the case — 'treat as' versus 'judge to be'.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• みなすto regard (as)
• 認めるみとめるto deem