How to say "vertical" in Japanese

• 垂直すいちょくJLPT N2approx.Common
  na-adjective, no-adjectiveThe usual word for 'vertical' as a direction or orientation, the opposite of horizontal. Used in everyday speech and in mathematics and science for lines, surfaces, and positions that are straight up and down.
  ヘリコプターは垂直すいちょくに離陸りりくし、着陸ちゃくりくすることができる。↗

  A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up and down.
• 縦型たてがた
  no-adjectiveDescribes things whose shape or format runs vertically rather than horizontally, such as a portrait-style page or screen; it characterizes the design or orientation of an object, not vertical direction in the abstract.
• バーチカル
  na-adjectiveA katakana loanword found mainly in specialized or technical expressions taken from English; for the ordinary sense of 'vertical' it is seldom the word you want, and 垂直 is the natural choice.
• 鉛直えんちょく
  na-adjective, no-adjectiveThe precise term in physics and engineering for vertical in the sense of the direction of gravity, the line a plumb bob follows; for everyday descriptions of up-and-down orientation, 垂直 is the usual word.

Choose 垂直 for the ordinary geometric sense of vertical; 縦型 when describing objects or layouts in a vertical, portrait-style format; 鉛直 for the gravity-defined direction in physics and engineering; 「バーチカル」 mostly in loanword jargon.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 垂直すいちょくvertical
• 縦型たてがたvertical
• バーチカルvertical
• 鉛直えんちょくupright
• 縦たてvertical (relationship)