嫌いがある|きらいがある

JLPT N1approx.Written
Meaning

Expresses that a person or thing has an undesirable tendency or inclination to do something or be a certain way. It is used to point out a habitual negative trait, often critically.

Formation
Verb (Dictionary form)+嫌いがある
Verb (Nai-form)+嫌いがある
Noun+の+嫌いがある

Variant: often written in hiragana as きらいがある (e.g. 割り込む嫌いがある, 独断の嫌いがある)

Examples
彼かれは人ひとの話はなしに割り込わりこむ嫌きらいがある。
He has a tendency to interrupt when other people are talking.
この文章ぶんしょうは説明せつめいがくどくなる嫌きらいがある。
This text tends to be overly wordy in its explanations.
Usage

A formal, mostly written expression for commenting on the negative habits or tendencies of people or things, as in critiques, essays, and evaluations. がち can also mark undesirable tendencies, but it focuses on how often something happens and is common in everyday speech. 嫌いがある instead presents the tendency as an inherent disposition and sounds more detached and judgmental. It frequently co-occurs with adverbs such as ともすれば or とかく.

Watch out

Do not use this pattern for positive or neutral tendencies; it implies the tendency is undesirable.

Note that 嫌い here does not mean "dislike"; it means an undesirable tendency or inclination.

Learners should avoid it in casual conversation, where it sounds stiff; がち is more natural there.

Easily confused with
  • がちN3「がち」focuses on something happening repeatedly and frequently, with a neutral register; it attaches to verb ます-stems (the ます form minus ます) or to certain nouns. 「嫌いがある」instead stresses a tendency rooted in one's inherent nature, has a strong written flavor, and attaches to the dictionary form, the ない form, or 「noun+の」.
  • ともすればN1「ともすれば」is an adverb placed before the predicate to signal 'if one is not careful, ~ easily happens' and cannot itself serve as a predicate, whereas 「嫌いがある」attaches to a verb or 「noun+の」 and functions as the sentence-final predicate. The two cannot be interchanged, but they are often used together as 「ともすれば〜嫌いがある」.
  • ぎみN3「ぎみ」indicates an undesirable state or trend that is already slightly visible at the moment, is mild in degree (e.g., 「風邪ぎみ」), and is neutral in register. 「嫌いがある」refers to a consistent tendency of character, carries criticism, and leans toward written style; the two generally cannot be interchanged.
  • っぽいN3The 'prone to ~' sense of 「っぽい」 (「忘れっぽい」) and its derogatory 'has a ~ feel' sense (「感情論っぽい」) are close in meaning; 「っぽい」is colloquial and attaches to ます-stems or nouns. 「嫌いがある」attaches to verbs or 「noun の」, is written in style, and carries criticism.
  • ものがあるN2「ものがある」expresses a quality or feeling the speaker senses in something, can be either positive or negative, can attach to adjectives, and is neutral in register. 「嫌いがある」specifically denotes an undesirable tendency inherent in a person or thing, with a critical tone and a written style; the two cannot be interchanged.

がち/〜がちだ attach to ます-stems or nouns and also often mark undesirable tendencies, but they focus on how frequently something happens and are everyday in tone, while ぎみ and っぽい describe a slight sign or an "-ish" quality; 嫌いがある is instead a formal, critical remark about an inherent disposition. ものがある expresses an emotional evaluation ("there is something ... about it") rather than a tendency, and ともすれば is an adverb meaning "apt to" that often appears together with 嫌いがある.

Grammar · JLPT grammar levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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