How to say "dysfunction" in Japanese

• 機能不全きのうふぜん
  no-adjectiveDysfunction as failure or insufficiency: the function breaks down or fails to work. Typical of medical contexts, such as an organ that no longer works, and of systems or organizations that have stopped functioning.
• 機能障害きのうしょうがい
  nounDysfunction as a functional disorder: the function is disordered or impaired rather than having failed outright. Typical of medical and technical descriptions of impaired functioning.
• 障害しょうがいJLPT N3approx.Common
  nounA broad word for a disorder, disability or handicap. It matches 'dysfunction' only loosely — when the dysfunction amounts to an impairment or disorder; 機能障害 is the more precise choice there.
  彼かれの記憶きおく喪失そうしつは物理的ぶつりてきな記憶きおく障害しょうがいというよりは心理的しんりてきな障害しょうがいである。↗

  His loss of memory is a psychological problem rather than a physical one.

Choose 機能不全 for a function that fails or works insufficiently, 機能障害 for a function that is disordered or impaired, and 障害 only loosely, when the dysfunction amounts to a general disorder or disability.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 機能不全きのうふぜんdysfunction
• 機能障害きのうしょうがいfunctional disorder
• 障害しょうがいdisorder