How to say "hard-line" in Japanese

• 強硬きょうこうJLPT N1approx.Common
  na-adjective, nounCovers 'hard-line' as an adjective: firm, unbending, unyielding. It is the common word for describing a hard-line stance, attitude, or response, especially in negotiations or diplomacy, where no compromise is shown.
  大統領だいとうりょうは強硬きょうこう路線ろせんをとった。↗

  The President took a hard line.
• 強硬路線きょうこうろせん
  nounA noun for the 'hard line' itself: a tough, hawkish political course taken by a government or party. Less common than 強硬; use it when you mean the line or course, not a general attitude.

Use 強硬 for 'hard-line' describing an unbending stance or attitude, and 強硬路線 for the noun 'hard line', a tough or hawkish political course; the latter is less common.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 強硬きょうこうfirm
• 強硬路線きょうこうろせんhard line