How to say "mitigation" in Japanese

• 緩和かんわJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbCovers mitigation as easing or relaxation: loosening restrictions, defusing tensions, or alleviating pain and strain. Reach for it when mitigation means making something strict or intense milder rather than smaller.
  公定歩合こうていぶあいの引き下ひきさげは産業界さんぎょうかいを苦くるしめてきた厳きびしい金融きんゆう逼迫ひっぱくを緩和かんわするだろうと期待きたいされている。↗

  The bank rate cut is expected to relieve the severe financial squeeze that has hit industry.
• 低減ていげんCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbFrames mitigation as reduction — lowering an amount, level, or degree, as with costs or risk — rather than easing a restriction or softening a blow. Choose it when something measurable is being made smaller.
  産婦人科医さんふじんかいが減へっているのは出生数しゅっしょうすうの減少げんしょうで医療いりょうニーズが低減ていげんしたのを反映はんえいしている。↗

  The reduction in obstetricians and gynecologists is a reflection of the decrease in births, thus reducing need for medical care.
• クッションCommon
  nounUsed figuratively: mitigation as a cushion that softens the blow, absorbing a shock or setback. It is not a general word for mitigation; for other senses use 緩和 or 低減.

Use 緩和 when mitigation means easing or relaxing restrictions and tensions, 低減 when it means reducing an amount or level, and 「クッション」 only for the figurative sense of a cushion that softens the blow.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 緩和かんわrelief
• 低減ていげんdecrease
• ミティゲーションmitigation
• 減等げんとうreduction
• クッションcushion (to soften the blow)