訓戒・訓誡|くんかいkunkai[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
訓戒訓戒 is the more common written form for the meaning “warning” or “admonition.” Beginners should use it.
訓誡訓誡 is a less common kanji variant of 訓戒. You may encounter it, but beginners should normally choose 訓戒 instead.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbwarning; admonition; lesson or a phrase that teaches you not to do something
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 訓戒する（くんかいする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 訓戒します（くんかいします） |
| Negative (nai) | 訓戒しない（くんかいしない） |
| polite (masen) | 訓戒しません（くんかいしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 訓戒せず・訓戒せぬ（くんかいせず・くんかいせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 訓戒した（くんかいした） |
| polite (mashita) | 訓戒しました（くんかいしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 訓戒しなかった（くんかいしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 訓戒しませんでした（くんかいしませんでした） |
| Te form | 訓戒して（くんかいして） |
| Potential | 訓戒できる（くんかいできる） |
| Passive | 訓戒される（くんかいされる） |
| Causative | 訓戒させる（くんかいさせる） |
| Causative passive | 訓戒させられる（くんかいさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 訓戒すれば（くんかいすれば） |
| tara | 訓戒したら（くんかいしたら） |
| Volitional | 訓戒しよう（くんかいしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 訓戒しましょう（くんかいしましょう） |
| Imperative | 訓戒しろ（くんかいしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym戒めいましめWrittenWritten. A caution or ban given beforehand to prevent mistakes, as in 「自らへの戒め」; a native word, not necessarily from a superior to a subordinate.
- Synonym警告けいこくNeutralNeutral. A broad word for warnings and alerts, e.g. traffic or system warnings; it does not necessarily carry a teaching nuance.
- Synonym戒告かいこくFormalFormal. An admonition, but also a warning as an official disciplinary measure; the punitive sense is stronger than in spoken 「訓戒」.
- Synonym忠告ちゅうこくNeutralNeutral. Sincere advice offered in good faith, usable with peers; it lacks the top-down lecturing tone of 「訓戒」.
- Synonym注意ちゅういNeutralThe everyday default. A reminder to be careful, but also a stern reprimand, as in 「厳重注意」; 「訓戒」 is a solemn lesson and admonition.
- Synonym戒めるいましめるNeutralThe verb: to warn against or forbid something, fine in everyday use; 「訓戒」 is a noun and more solemn.
- Synonym諫言かんげんWrittenWritten. Remonstrance from a subordinate to a superior — the direction is the reverse of top-down 「訓戒」.
- Synonym諫めいさめWrittenWritten and old-fashioned. Remonstrating someone, usually as the verb 「諫める」; the person admonished is often an elder.
- Synonym説諭せつゆWrittenWritten. Persuading someone by reasoning; often used for police counselling of juveniles.
- Synonym訓誨くんかいFormalFormal, written and very rare. Guidance and instruction; close in sense to 「教誨」.
- Related戒かいWrittenWritten. Precepts or admonition, mostly a Buddhist term, as in 「五戒」; not one specific act of admonishing.
- Related教誨きょうかいFormalFormal. Teaching and admonishing; often specifically the counselling of prison inmates, e.g. by a chaplain.
- Related忠言ちゅうげんWrittenWritten. Earnest, sincere advice, met mostly in the proverb 「忠言耳に逆らう」.
- Related警世けいせいWrittenWritten. A warning addressed to society at large, as in 「警世の書」.
- Related戒飭かいちょくFormalFormal, written and very rare. Admonishing someone to keep their conduct in check; in daily speech say 「戒める」.
- Antonym賞賛しょうさんWrittenWritten. Praising or commending someone's words and deeds — the opposite of solemn admonition.
In everyday speech use 「注意」 or 「警告」. 「訓戒」 itself is a solemn admonition from a superior to a subordinate; for a formal disciplinary warning use 「戒告」, and for remonstrating a superior use 「諫言」. 「戒め」 and the verb 「戒める」 cover general caution and prohibition, 「忠告」 is well-meant advice to peers, and 「教誨」 often means counselling inmates.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
