込み上げる・こみ上げる|こみあげるkomiageru[4]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Which spelling to use
こみ上げるこみ上げる is the most common written form, using kana and kanji; it is a natural choice when encountering the word in general reading.
込み上げる込み上げる is the second most common form, also written with kana and kanji, and is the form beginners should normally use.
Definitions
- ichidan verb, intransitive verbto well up (of tears, anger, joy, etc.); to surge up (within oneself); to rise; to fill one's heart; to overcome one
- ichidan verb, intransitive verbto feel nauseated; to feel sick
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 込み上げる（こみあげる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 込み上げます（こみあげます） |
| Negative (nai) | 込み上げない（こみあげない） |
| polite (masen) | 込み上げません（こみあげません） |
| classical zu / nu | 込み上げず・込み上げぬ（こみあげず・こみあげぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 込み上げた（こみあげた） |
| polite (mashita) | 込み上げました（こみあげました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 込み上げなかった（こみあげなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 込み上げませんでした（こみあげませんでした） |
| Te form | 込み上げて（こみあげて） |
| Potential | 込み上げられる（こみあげられる） |
| Passive | 込み上げられる（こみあげられる） |
| Causative | 込み上げさせる（こみあげさせる） |
| Causative passive | 込み上げさせられる（こみあげさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 込み上げれば（こみあげれば） |
| tara | 込み上げたら（こみあげたら） |
| Volitional | 込み上げよう（こみあげよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 込み上げましょう（こみあげましょう） |
| Imperative | 込み上げろ（こみあげろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym湧くわくNeutralThe most basic term of the group: water gushes out, and feelings or ideas arise. It is the plain, all-purpose word for things welling up.
- Synonym沸き起こるわきおこるNeutralApplause, questions or emotions welling up at once, among a crowd or within one person, as in 「怒りが沸き起こる」; 「こみ上げる」 stays closer to the bodily sensation.
- Synonym湧き上がるわきあがるNeutralBoils or surges up, also used for crowds seething with excitement; stresses bursting outward, while 「こみ上げる」 stresses emotion rising from the chest to the throat.
- Synonym湧き出るわきでるNeutralSpring water, tears or emotions gushing out, gently or violently; stresses welling from a source, while 「こみ上げる」 stresses emotion rising from the chest to the throat.
- Synonym湧き立つわきたつNeutralClouds or feelings suddenly emerging in force; rare, and grander in scale than 「こみ上げる」.
- Related高まるたかまるNeutralIntensity rises: expectations, tension and the like heighten. It does not stress emotion welling up from deep inside the way 「こみ上げる」 does.
- Related沸き立つわきたつNeutralBoils over with excitement; stresses a heated, lively scene, and its subject is usually a crowd.
- Related膨れ上がるふくれあがるNeutralSwell or balloon, mostly of budgets and numbers; can also describe anxiety growing ever larger, while 「こみ上げる」 is emotion surging up at once.
- Antonym静めるしずめるNeutralAntonym: to calm or settle something down, as in quieting a crowd or one's own excitement — the opposite of emotion welling up with 「こみ上げる」.
- Antonym抑えるおさえるNeutralAntonym: to hold emotions down and keep them in check — the opposite of feelings surging up as with 「こみ上げる」.
Tears, anger or a smile rising from deep inside take 「こみ上げる」, as in 「涙がこみ上げる」. Say 「湧き出る」 for spring water gushing forth and 「高まる」 for expectations or tension building. For crowds boiling with excitement use 「湧き上がる」 or 「沸き立つ」; to calm or hold such feelings down, turn to 「静める」 or 「抑える」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
