進言|しんげんshingen[0]heiban (flat)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbadvice (to a superior); counsel; proposal; suggestion; recommendation
Conjugation
Dictionary form進言する(しんげんする)
Polite (masu)進言します(しんげんします)
Negative (nai)進言しない(しんげんしない)
polite (masen)進言しません(しんげんしません)
classical zu / nu進言せず・進言せぬ(しんげんせず・しんげんせぬ)
Past (ta)進言した(しんげんした)
polite (mashita)進言しました(しんげんしました)
Past negative (nakatta)進言しなかった(しんげんしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)進言しませんでした(しんげんしませんでした)
Te form進言して(しんげんして)
Potential進言できる(しんげんできる)
Passive進言される(しんげんされる)
Causative進言させる(しんげんさせる)
Causative passive進言させられる(しんげんさせられる)
Conditional (ba)進言すれば(しんげんすれば)
tara進言したら(しんげんしたら)
Volitional進言しよう(しんげんしよう)
polite (mashou)進言しましょう(しんげんしましょう)
Imperative進言しろ(しんげんしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym忠告ちゅうこくNeutralSincere advice meant to point out someone's faults; the other party need not be a superior, and it is more direct than 「進言」.
  • Synonym勧告かんこくWrittenWritten/formal: urging that something be done a certain way; often a formal recommendation from an administrative agency, also other bodies; 「進言」 is only to a superior.
  • SynonymアドバイスNeutralLoanword, very common in daily talk; casually offering ideas, with no superior-junior distinction, while 「進言」 is only to a superior.
  • Synonym助言じょげんNeutralAdvice given to help someone from the side with ideas; it does not stress addressing a superior.
  • Related勧めるすすめるNeutralCommon in daily life; urges or recommends that someone do something, with no regard to hierarchy.

Offer opinions to a superior or elder with 「進言」, as in 「社長に進言する」. For advice between equals use 「助言」 or 「アドバイス」; to point out someone's faults, use 「忠告」. 「勧める」 urges an action; 「勧告」 is formal/written.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 自分じぶんより上うえのものに意見いけんを申し上もうしあげること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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