に加えて|にくわえて
In addition to; on top of. Presents one fact or item and then adds another of the same kind, which is usually marked with も in the following clause.
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A somewhat formal expression, common in writing, news, reports, and explanations, and also used in careful speech. It lists additions factually and does not in itself signal surprise or criticism. Compared with ばかりか or 上に, it sounds more neutral and objective.
Note that the added item in the following clause is typically marked with も, as in 教育者としても and 雨も.
Do not use に加えて to mean doing something together with a person; that meaning calls for とともに or と一緒に.
- 上にN2「上に」attaches directly to the plain form of verbs and い-adjectives, and to nouns with 「の／である」; it works in both speech and writing, the items before and after must both be merits or both be drawbacks, and the sentence end generally does not take commands or requests. When adding items in the same direction, it is interchangeable with 「に加えて」 after adjusting the connection.
- のみならずN2「のみならず」also expresses addition and is mostly interchangeable with 「に加えて」 when attaching to nouns; however, its tone is stiffer and more formal, it emphasizes an expanded scope, and it often pairs with 「まで」or 「さえ」. It attaches directly to verbs and い-adjectives, with no need for 「の／こと」.
- ばかりでなくN3「ばかりでなく」means 'not only... but also...'; it works in both speech and writing, the latter item can be something of a further degree, and it can also be followed by requests or invitations. It attaches directly to verbs and い-adjectives, and to な-adjectives with 「な」. For plain addition it is mostly interchangeable with 「に加えて」.
- ばかりかN3「ばかりか」emphasizes that B goes a step further than A and is unexpected, carrying a tone of surprise or displeasure; 「に加えて」only adds objectively. When attaching to verbs or い-adjectives, 「ばかりか」attaches directly, while 「に加えて」requires 「の／こと」.
- はもとよりN2「はもとより」first cites an obvious A and then extends to B, giving a sense of progression; 「に加えて」merely adds objectively. 「はもとより」itself attaches only to nouns, and the two are interchangeable only when A is something widely recognized as a matter of course.
- 〜とともにN3「とともに」is close to 「に加えて」only in the sense of 'at the same time, having both'; for example, 「教師であるとともに」can be replaced with 「であるに加えて」. Its other two senses, 'together with...' and 'as/along with...', cannot be replaced with 「に加えて」.
に加えて adds one item to another neutrally, while ばかりか, ばかりでなく, and 上に tend to stress that the addition goes further, and のみならず is a more formal equivalent of 'not only… but also'. はもとより presents the first item as obvious ('not to mention'), and とともに mainly means 'together with' or 'at the same time as'.
