加える|くわえるkuwaeru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. ichidan verb, transitive verbto add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
   水みずを加くわえてペースト状ぺーすとじょうになるまでかき回まわしなさい。↗

   Add water and stir to a paste.
2. ichidan verb, transitive verbto increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
3. ichidan verb, transitive verbto include; to count in; to let join
4. ichidan verb, transitive verbto inflict (damage); to deal; to give

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• Synonym足すたすNeutralUsed for topping up or making up a shortfall (「水を足す」) and for arithmetic addition; common in speech and more casual than 「加える」.
• SynonymプラスNeutralA loanword for adding, plus points or benefits (「プラスになる」); common in speech and lighter in tone than 「加える」.
• Synonym付加ふかWrittenWritten language for attaching or appending (「付加価値」); mostly used as a Sino-Japanese noun and stiffer than 「加える」.
• Synonym合計ごうけいNeutralAdding up figures, or the resulting total (「金額を合計する」); 「加える」 is not limited to numbers.
• Synonym加算かさんNeutralAdding on top (「料金を加算する」); mostly for billing and scoring, and limited to numerical objects.
• Synonym添加てんかNeutralAdding a substance (「食品添加物」); mostly in food and chemistry contexts, more technical than 「加える」.
• Synonym合算がっさんNeutralCombining calculations (「所得を合算する」); mostly in tax contexts, taking amounts rather than objects.
• Synonym付け足すつけたすNeutralColloquial for adding something on afterwards (「説明を付け足す」), with a nuance of later supplementation; more casual than 「加える」.
• Synonym付け加えるつけくわえるNeutralAdding on or supplementing (「一言付け加える」); mostly for words and explanations, more specific than 「加える」.
• Synonym増やすふやすNeutralIncreasing a quantity (「人数を増やす」); stresses things becoming more numerous, while 「加える」 stresses adding something new.
• Related増すますNeutralIncreasing or intensifying (「勢いが増す」); usually intransitive, focusing on degree growing rather than adding something in.
• Related組み込むくみこむNeutralBuilding in or embedding (「予定に組み込む」); stresses making something part of a whole system.
• Related混ぜるまぜるNeutralMixing or stirring in (「砂糖を混ぜる」); stresses blending into one, while 「加える」 only says something is added.
• Related増加ぞうかWrittenA written Sino-Japanese noun for a rise in quantity (「人口増加」); stresses the result of growing, not adding items.
• Related交えるまじえるWrittenWritten style for mixing in or including (「冗談を交えて話す」); also exchanging, as in 「言葉を交える」.
• Related付与ふよFormalA formal term for granting rights or qualifications (「権限を付与する」); objects are usually abstract powers.
• Related与えるあたえるNeutralGiving or causing an effect (「影響を与える」); stresses what the receiver gets, while 「加える」 stresses adding to what exists.
• Related組み入れるくみいれるNeutralWorking in or incorporating (「計画に組み入れる」); stresses placing a part inside a whole.
• Related入れるいれるNeutralPutting in, with the broadest range; 「加える」 stresses adding to what is already there so the total grows.
• Related混入こんにゅうNeutralForeign matter getting in (「異物混入」); often implies something that should not be there, written style, used in reports and inspections.
• Related増大ぞうだいWrittenWritten style for growing or swelling (「負担が増大する」); stresses scale increasing rather than things being added.
• Antonym減らすへらすNeutralAntonym: reducing a quantity, opposite to 「加える」 in its sense of increasing amounts, as in 「人数を減らす」.
• Antonym除くのぞくNeutralAntonym: removing or excluding, opposite to 「加える」's adding and counting in, as in 「〜を除く」.
• Antonym取り去るとりさるNeutralAntonym: taking away or removing, opposite to 「加える」; stresses removing what is already there, more concrete than 「除く」.

Use 「加える」 for adding, attaching or applying something to what already exists. For topping up or arithmetic use 「足す」; for supplementing words 「付け加える」; for increasing amounts 「増やす」; for mixing in 「混ぜる」; for incorporating into a whole 「組み込む」. The rest are narrower: figures (「合計」「加算」「合算」), substances (「添加」), written or formal terms (「付加」「増加」「交える」「付与」「増大」「混入」), and the antonyms 「減らす」「除く」「取り去る」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 既すでにあるものに更さらに他ほかのもの足たして増ふやす。あわせる。いれる。同おなじものの数かずを増ふやす。
2. 度合どあいを増ふやす、もっと悪わるく、あるいは良よくする。
3. (人ひとを）仲間なかまに入いれる、参加さんかさせる。味方みかたが増ふえるとは限かぎらず、敵てき・観衆かんしゅう・聴衆ちょうしゅうが増ふえる場合ばあいも含ふくまれる。
4. 何なんらかの作用さようを、自分じぶん以外いがいのものにおよぼす。影響えいきょうを与あたえる。おこなう。対象たいしょうは人ひと、物もの、両方りょうほうを含ふくむ。
5. (影響えいきょうを与あたえる操作そうさを)与あたえる。ほどこす。
6. （既すでに自分じぶんのもの、用意よういしたものなどに）付つける、載のせる、貼はる、書かくなどする。
7. （「にくわえて」の形かたちで）さらに追加ついかして。追い打おいうちを掛かけて。