ばかりでなく
“Not only X, but also Y.” It states one fact and then adds another, usually of the same kind, to the listener's picture.
Follow-up: the second clause usually contains も, まで or さえ
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Used in both speech and writing, though it sounds slightly more formal than だけでなく. The second clause usually adds a comparable or further point with も. Compared with ばかりか, it is more neutral and less emphatic about the added point being surprising.
Note that the second clause usually contains も, まで or さえ to mark the added item.
Do not use a bare な-adjective or non-past だ: say 静かなばかりでなく, not 静かばかりでなく or 静かだばかりでなく.
Learners may confuse this with ばかり meaning “only.” Here ばかりでなく means “not only.”
- だけでなくN3「だけでなく」 has essentially the same meaning as 「ばかりでなく」, and the two are generally interchangeable. 「だけでなく」 sounds plainer, and it also has the variant 「だけではなく」, with 「だけじゃなく」 common in speech.
- ばかりかN3「ばかりか」 attaches in the same way, and the two are often interchangeable when stating facts. However, it is stronger in tone, often carrying a nuance of surprise or exclamation like 'even ...'; it is slightly literary, and its second clause less often takes requests or invitations.
- のみならずN2「のみならず」 has the same meaning and can be swapped in when it follows a word. However, it is stiff written language, rarely used in everyday conversation; na-adjectives must take 「である」 (as in 「便利であるのみならず」) and cannot take 「な」; it can also stand alone at the start of a sentence to mean 'not only that.'
- はもとよりN2「はもとより」 attaches only to nouns, stresses that the first item is a matter of course, has a formal, somewhat written tone, and the following clause usually needs 「も」 to echo it. When the first item is a noun and something taken for granted, the two are often interchangeable; with verbs or adjectives, only 「ばかりでなく」 can be used.
- はもちろんN3「はもちろん」 attaches only to nouns (or a noun plus a case particle), and the first item must be something taken for granted; 「ばかりでなく」 can also attach to verbs and adjectives and has no such restriction on the first item. The two are interchangeable when the first item is a noun and a matter of course.
- に加えてN3「に加えて」 also expresses addition, but it leans written, is objective in tone, and carries no sense of escalation; when attaching to verbs or i-adjectives, it needs 「の／こと」 and cannot attach directly. When objectively describing similar items being added together, the two are often interchangeable.
だけでなく is nearly synonymous but more conversational, ばかりか stresses that the added point is surprising, and のみならず is a stiffer written equivalent. はもとより and はもちろん present X as obvious before adding Y, while に加えて simply states an addition.
