How to say "above-mentioned" in Japanese

• 上記じょうきCommon
  no-adjectiveThe plain, all-purpose choice: it points to something written above in the same document, and is what you reach for in ordinary business emails and reports when saying 'the above-mentioned...'.
  失礼しつれいだが、上記じょうきの記事きじにある３つの誤あやまりを指摘してきしておきたい。↗

  Excuse me; allow me to point out three errors in the above article.
• 前述ぜんじゅつCommon
  no-adjective, suru verb, transitive verbCovers 'aforementioned': something stated earlier in the text, which may be some way back rather than directly above. Typical of explanatory writing that refers back to an earlier statement or discussion.
• 前記ぜんきCommon
  no-adjective, suru verb, transitive verbThe aforesaid of contracts and legal papers, referring back to items previously recorded there. In everyday writing it reads as stiff legal language, so for ordinary 'above-mentioned' 上記 is the safer choice.
  前記ぜんき参照さんしょう。↗

  See above.

All three refer back to something already stated: use 上記 for what is written above in the same document, 前述 for something stated earlier in the text, and 前記 as the aforesaid of contracts and legal papers.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 上記じょうきabove-mentioned
• 前述ぜんじゅつaforementioned
• 前記ぜんきaforesaid
• 前出ぜんしゅつaforementioned
• 上述じょうじゅつabove-mentioned
• 前掲ぜんけいabove-mentioned
• 如上じょじょうabove-mentioned
• 先述せんじゅつaforementioned
• 先出せんしゅつaforementioned
• 既述きじゅつpreviously mentioned
• 右みぎthe above (in a piece of vertical writing)
• 頭書とうしょabove-mentioned