How to say "congenital" in Japanese

• 先天性せんてんせいCommon
  no-adjectiveCovers 'congenital' as a category or label, especially in medical contexts such as congenital disease or heart defects; it works like a prefix or noun, not a standalone adjective.
• 先天的せんてんてきJLPT N1approx.Common
  na-adjectiveThe adjectival form meaning inborn, innate, or congenital; use it when describing something as present from birth, and it can also shade into 'inherent' for qualities one is born with.
  その習慣しゅうかんは後天的こうてんてきで、先天的せんてんてきなものではない。↗

  That habit is acquired, not innate.

先天性 is the noun-like term used in medical and formal labels for conditions present from birth, while 先天的 is the adjective meaning inborn or innate when describing something as congenital.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 先天性せんてんせいhereditary
• 先天的せんてんてきinborn