How to say "economy" in Japanese

• 経済けいざいJLPT N4approx.Common
  nounThe default word for the economy of a country or region, and for economics as a field of study. Use this when discussing markets, growth, or economic policy.
  アメリカはサービス経済けいざいの国くにだ。↗

  The U.S. is a service economy.
• エコノミーCommon
  nounA loanword covering economy, economics, and finance. It appears in contexts such as economy-class seating and airline fares, where the native terms would sound odd.
• 倹約けんやくJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, na-adjectiveCovers the sense of economy as thrift or frugality: careful, sparing use of money and resources in daily life. This is the word for personal economizing, not for a national economy.
  彼かれは金かねをためるため何なん年間ねんかんもけちけち倹約けんやくした。↗

  He pinched and scraped for many years to save money.
• 節減せつげんCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbMatches the sense of economy as retrenchment or curtailment of spending. It refers to reducing expenses or cutting costs, and is seldom the word you want for a national economy or for personal thrift.
  彼かれらは経費けいひを節減せつげんするだろう。↗

  They will cut down on their expenses.

For the national or academic sense use 経済; 「エコノミー」 covers similar senses, often in travel or finance contexts; for personal frugality choose 倹約, and 節減 for cutting expenditures.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 経済けいざいeconomy
• エコノミーeconomy
• 倹約けんやくthrift
• 節減せつげんretrenchment
• 節倹せっけんeconomy
• 経済性けいざいせいeconomy (saving money)
• 理財りざいfinance
• 締まりしまりcarefulness (with money)