How to say "framework" in Japanese

• 枠わくJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, noun (suffix)Essentially a concrete frame — around a window, door, or picture — or a boundary; as 'framework' it keeps that frame-like feel, and 枠組み is the closer match for an abstract framework.
  ドアが枠わくに合あわなければ合あうまでドアにかんなをかけなければならない。↗

  If a door doesn't fit the casing, we must plane it carefully until it does.
• 組み立てくみたてCommon
  nounReally means assembly or construction — the act or way of putting something together, as with furniture or an argument; for 'framework' it is marginal, naming the process rather than the resulting structure.
  この本棚ほんだなは組み立くみたてが簡単かんたんです。↗

  This bookcase is easy to assemble.
• 枠組みわくぐみCommon
  nounThe word you want for 'framework' in the abstract sense — the underlying structure of a system, policy, or theory; it can also denote a physical frame structure.
• 屋台骨やたいぼねCommon
  nounRefers to the load-bearing skeleton of a building, and figuratively to the backbone or foundation of an organization; it is not a general-purpose word for 'framework'.
• 構造こうぞうJLPT N2approx.Common
  nounMeans 'structure' — the way a thing is built or organized, whether a building, a machine, or society; choose it when 'framework' really means structure or makeup rather than a guiding scheme.
  この増加ぞうかに加くわえて、世界せかいの経済けいざい構造こうぞうの変化へんかがあった。↗

  Along with this increase, there has been a change in the world's economic organization.

Choose 「枠組み」 for an abstract framework of rules or ideas, 構造 when you mean structure or makeup, 枠 for a concrete frame, 屋台骨 for a building's skeleton, and 「組み立て」 for the act of assembly.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 枠わくframe
• 組み立てくみたてconstruction
• 枠組みわくぐみframe (physical structure)
• 屋台骨やたいぼねframework (of a building)
• 構造こうぞうstructure
• フレームワークframework
• 軸組みじくぐみframework
• 架構かこうframework
• 壁下地かべしたじframework (for a mud-plastered wall)
• 躯体くたいframe (of a building)
• 駆体くたいskeleton (of a building)
• 骨格こっかくframework
• 骨組みほねぐみframework
• 形骸けいがいframework (of a building, etc.)
• 機構きこうsystem
• 結構けっこうstructure
• 模様もようframework
• 屋台やたいframework (of a building)