How to say "survey" in Japanese

• 計るはかるJLPT N3approx.Common
  godan verb, transitive verbPrimarily 'to measure, weigh, or time'; its 'survey' sense amounts to gauging or estimating, so it is seldom the word you want for a survey of people or opinions.
  優すぐれた教育きょういくの価値かちは金銭きんせんでははかれない。↗

  The value of a good education cannot be measured in terms of money.
• 観察かんさつJLPT N3approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbCovers 'survey' in the sense of close, careful observation or watching; choose it when the emphasis is on studying something attentively rather than questioning people or taking measurements.
  科学かがくは観察かんさつに基もとづいている。↗

  Science rests upon observation.
• 観測かんそくJLPT N2approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbCovers 'survey' as systematic observation paired with measurement; it suits scientific and technical contexts where data is collected, rather than asking people questions or simply looking over a scene.
  ジャンスキーが観測かんそくしたのは銀河系ぎんがけいの中心ちゅうしん核かくからの波長はちょう14.6mの電波でんぱであった。↗

  What Jansky had observed was the 14.6m wavelength radio wave from the Milky Way's core.
• アンケートJLPT N1approx.Common
  nounThis is the word for 'survey' as a questionnaire or poll — a set of questions put to people to collect their opinions or responses.
  当社とうしゃはアンケート入力にゅうりょく、アンケート集計しゅうけいのお手伝てつだいをする少数しょうすう精鋭せいえいのベンチャーです。↗

  Our company is a small but elect venture business that assists in entry and totalling of questionnaires.
• 見渡すみわたすJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, transitive verbA verb meaning to survey a scene: to look out over it and take an extensive view. It applies to taking in a place with your eyes, not to questionnaires or measurement.
  この城しろから町まちを見渡みわたすことができる。↗

  This castle overlooks the city.

For a questionnaire or poll use 「アンケート」; for careful watching use 観察; for scientific observation and measurement use 観測; for taking in a scene use 「見渡す」; 「計る」 is really about measuring, not surveying.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 計るはかるto measure
• 観察かんさつobservation
• 観測かんそくobservation
• アンケートquestionnaire
• 見渡すみわたすto look out over
• 見回すみまわすto look around
• 実測じっそくsurvey
• 検分けんぶんinspection
• 大系たいけいoutline
• 要覧ようらんoutline
• 調査ちょうさinvestigation
• サーベイsurvey
• 踏査とうさsurvey
• 意向調査いこうちょうさsurvey
• アンケquestionnaire
• 情勢調査じょうせいちょうさ(election) survey
• ヒアリングinterview (with a client, etc.)