営為|えいいeii[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nounbusiness; occupation

• Synonym営みいとなみWrittenWritten word for the ongoing activities or livelihood of people or nature, as in 「日々の営み」; more common than 「営為」.
• Synonym活動かつどうNeutralEveryday, neutral word for activity or operation of any kind; lacks the nuance of conscious human endeavor that 「営為」 carries.
• Antonym無為むいWrittenWritten word for idleness, doing nothing at all; stands opposite to 「営為」 and its active human endeavor.

「営為」 is a written word for conscious human activity or creative endeavor, as in 「人間の営為」. Use the native 「営み」 for ongoing work, plain 「活動」 for activity in general; 「無為」 is its opposite.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 営いとなみ。