外的|がいてきgaiteki[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- na-adjectiveexternal; outside
Conjugation
| Plain form | 外的（がいてき） |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 外的です（がいてきです） |
| Negative (dewa nai) | 外的ではない（がいてきではない） |
| polite (dewa arimasen) | 外的ではありません（がいてきではありません） |
| Past (datta) | 外的だった（がいてきだった） |
| Past negative (dewa nakatta) | 外的ではなかった（がいてきではなかった） |
| Te form (de) | 外的で（がいてきで） |
| Adverbial (ni) | 外的に（がいてきに） |
| Conditional (nara) | 外的なら（がいてきなら） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym外面的がいめんてきNeutralConcerns the outside or outward appearance and is neutral in tone; 「外的」 is more common and mostly describes factors coming from outside, as in 「外的要因」.
- Related外形的がいけいてきWrittenWritten/formal prose; focuses on forms and shapes visible from the outside, as in 「外形的な基準」. 「外的」 covers a broader range.
- Related皮相ひそうWrittenWritten/formal prose and pejorative; criticizes judgements that look only at the surface, as in 「皮相な見方」. 「外的」 simply means external, with no evaluative nuance.
- Antonym内的ないてきNeutralThe antonym: means inner, mental or intrinsic, as in 「内的要因」, standing opposite to 「外的」, which denotes the external.
Default to 「外的」 for anything external or coming from outside, as in 「外的要因」 and 「外的刺激」. Use 「外面的」 for the outside or outward appearance, 「皮相」 to criticize surface-only judgements, and 「内的」 as the opposite.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
