様・方・状|さまsama[2]odaka (tail-high)

1. suffixMr; Mrs; Miss; Msafter a person's name, position, etc.
   彼女かのじょは王女おうじょ様さまになった夢ゆめを見みた。↗

   She dreamed that she was a princess.
2. suffixmakes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions)usu. after a noun or na-adjective prefixed with お or ご
   どうもご親切しんせつさま。↗

   That's very kind of you.
3. nounstate; situation; appearance; manner
   フラフラと歩き回あるきまわる様さまは、あまりにデンジャラスだ。↗

   The way she dizzily moves around is far too dangerous.

   このざまはどうしたんだ。↗

   How did you get into this mess?

• Synonym状態じょうたいNeutralAn objective word for the state or condition something is in; 「様」 leans toward written description of appearance.
• Synonym有様ありさまNeutralPaints the scene or how things have turned out, often with a negative shade, as in 「このありさま」.
• Synonym具合ぐあいNeutralEveryday word for how a body or a machine is doing, common in speech; 「様」 belongs more to written style.
• Related様子ようすNeutralFor looks and situations you can actually observe. The noun 「様」 is more written in tone and mostly survives as the polite suffix in 「〜様」.
• Related状況じょうきょうNeutralPoints to the state of affairs or the situation, viewed objectively; 「様」 is about outward appearance and looks.
• Related容態ようだいNeutralSpecifically a patient's medical condition. 「様」 is a general word for appearance or how things are.
• Related格好かっこうNeutralCovers outward shape, dress, or looking presentable; 「様」 is about looks and how a situation stands.
• Related様相ようそうWrittenA written word for the overall aspect something presents, as in 「様相を呈する」; 「様」 is the broader term.
• RelatedコンディションNeutralLoanword for a person's physical condition or the state of a field or venue; common in sports talk.
• Related様態ようたいWrittenA written, rather academic term for the form or state of something; 「様」 is broader in use.
• Relatedあり方ありかたNeutralSpeaks of the way something ought to be, its ideal state or mode of being; 「様」 is about how things look now.
• Antonym誠まことNeutralTruth and sincerity. Not a true antonym — the contrast is only between outward appearance and what is real.
• Antonym本体ほんたいNeutralThe main part or true form of a thing. Not a true antonym — it sets the substance against outward appearance.

Use 「様」 for the polite suffix as in 「田中様」 or, as a noun, for written-style description of how things look. For what you can observe say 「様子」, for the state of affairs 「状況」, for a condition 「状態」, for a patient's state 「容態」, and for how a body feels 「具合」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （さま、古典的こてんてき用法ようほう:ヨウ） ありさま、様子ようす。
2. （さま）敬称けいしょう。人名じんめい等とうに後置こうちし敬意けいいを示しめす。
3. （さま）「お～」「ご～」の形かたちの状態じょうたい・態様たいようを表あらわす名詞めいしにつき、丁寧ていねい語ご（場合ばあいによっては慇懃いんぎん無礼ぶれい・皮肉ひにくに用もちいる）を作つくる。