年上|としうえtoshiue[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjectiveolder; senior
   トムは私より２つ年上としうえである。↗

   Tom is two years senior to me.

• Synonym年長ねんちょうNeutralMore formal than 「年上」, suited to formal occasions; also names the oldest kindergarten class, as in 「年長組」.
• SynonymシニアNeutralA loanword for older people, middle-aged to elderly; also upper-year students and veterans, seen in business, sports and similar fields.
• Synonym年嵩としかさNeutralMeans being older in age, close to 「年上」, but carries an old-fashioned tone.
• Related長上ちょうじょうWrittenRefers to one's elders or superiors; a written-style word, though rare even in prose.
• Related年長者ねんちょうしゃNeutralRefers to an older person and leans formal; 「年上」 is a relative comparison against someone.
• Antonym年下とししたNeutralThe antonym of 「年上」: being younger than someone.

To say someone is older than another person, use 「年上」, as in 「三つ年上」; in formal contexts 「年長」 or 「年長者」 fits better. For being younger, use 「年下」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. ある人ひとと比較ひかくして年長ねんちょうであること。