慣行|かんこうkankou[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjectivecustomary practice; habit; traditional event
   その慣行かんこうは廃止はいしすべきだ。↗

   The practice should be done away with.

• Synonym習慣しゅうかんNeutralThe everyday word: covers personal habits as well as social customs. 「慣行」 never refers to personal habits, only to practices widely followed by a group.
• Synonym慣例かんれいWrittenWritten/formal: established practices followed repeatedly, often with a nuance of precedent, as in 「慣例に従う」; 「慣行」 stresses what is actually and widely practiced.
• Synonym習わしならわしNeutralCustoms and rules with a traditional flavor; 「慣行」 stresses practices currently and widely followed, in a more objective tone.
• Synonym慣習かんしゅうWrittenWritten/formal: customs and conventions formed over time in a society, as in 「慣習法」; the two are often interchangeable, though 「慣行」 stresses actual practice.
• Synonym定例ていれいWrittenWritten/formal: fixed precedents or regular practice, and also things held periodically, as in 「定例会議」; 「慣行」 carries no sense of a fixed schedule.
• Synonym恒例こうれいNeutralEvents held at a set time or by custom, as in 「恒例の行事」; 「慣行」 is not limited to events and covers practices generally followed.
• Synonym習いならいWrittenWritten/formal with a literary feel: habits or the way of the world, as in 「世の習い」; 「慣行」 refers to concrete practices, not general truths about life.
• Synonym風習ふうしゅうNeutralA neutral, everyday word for the customs and observances of a particular area; 「慣行」 is not tied to a place and covers practices followed within a group.
• Synonym風俗ふうぞくNeutralLife customs of an era or region, also public morals—and in modern usage often the sex industry; for established practices, 「慣行」 is the safer choice.
• Synonym習俗しゅうぞくWrittenWritten/formal: folk customs formed in a region, found mostly in folklore studies; 「慣行」 is broader, covering any practice followed within a group.
• SynonymしきたりNeutralRules passed down within a family or region, carrying a sense of traditional obligation; 「慣行」 just means practices widely followed, without stressing inheritance.
• Synonym常例じょうれいWrittenWritten/formal and rare today: the ordinary, usual practice. In everyday speech use 「慣例」 for conventions and 「慣行」 for widely followed practices.
• Related因習いんしゅうWrittenWritten/formal: outdated, undesirable conventions with a negative tone, as in 「因習を打破する」; 「慣行」 itself is neither positive nor negative.
• Related伝統でんとうNeutralCustoms, ideas and the like handed down through generations, stressing history and inherited value; 「慣行」 stresses actual practice, not where it came from.
• Related古例これいWrittenWritten/formal and rare today: old precedents handed down from antiquity. For current practices use 「慣行」; for precedents in general use 「慣例」.
• Related旧例きゅうれいWrittenWritten/formal, now rare: conventions inherited from the past, with an old-fashioned feel; 「慣行」 stresses practices still followed today.
• Related俗習ぞくしゅうWrittenWritten/formal and rare today: worldly folk customs among the general public; 「慣行」 means practices widely followed by a group, not only folk customs.
• Related旧習きゅうしゅうWrittenWritten/formal: customs left from old times, often implying they are outdated and should be reformed; 「慣行」 is more neutral and stresses current practice.
• Related風儀ふうぎWrittenWritten/formal and rare: the manners and behavioral rules of a place or period, also etiquette and bearing; 「慣行」 stresses concrete practices in force.
• RelatedトラディションNeutralLoanword for tradition, used sparingly; in daily speech 「伝統」 is the norm. Unlike 「慣行」 it stresses cultural inheritance rather than concrete practices.
• Related遺風いふうWrittenWritten/formal: customs or teachings left by earlier generations that still exert influence; 「慣行」 stresses current practice, not a legacy from the past.

Use 「慣行」 for practices widely followed within a group, as in 「商慣行」. For personal habits use 「習慣」; for precedents, 「慣例」; for traditional family or local rules, 「しきたり」; for local customs, 「風習」; for outdated, undesirable conventions, 「因習」. 「慣習」 is close and often interchangeable. 「恒例」 and 「定例」 add a fixed-schedule nuance; 「伝統」 stresses inherited value; 「古例」「常例」「旧例」「俗習」「旧習」「風儀」「遺風」 are written words, several of them rare today.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 習慣しゅうかんとして広ひろく行おこなわれていること。