援用|えんようen'you[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, transitive verbquotation (to support one's argument); citation (e.g. of a precedent); invocation; claim
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 援用する(えんようする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 援用します(えんようします) |
| Negative (nai) | 援用しない(えんようしない) |
| polite (masen) | 援用しません(えんようしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 援用せず・援用せぬ(えんようせず・えんようせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 援用した(えんようした) |
| polite (mashita) | 援用しました(えんようしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 援用しなかった(えんようしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 援用しませんでした(えんようしませんでした) |
| Te form | 援用して(えんようして) |
| Potential | 援用できる(えんようできる) |
| Passive | 援用される(えんようされる) |
| Causative | 援用させる(えんようさせる) |
| Causative passive | 援用させられる(えんようさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 援用すれば(えんようすれば) |
| tara | 援用したら(えんようしたら) |
| Volitional | 援用しよう(えんようしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 援用しましょう(えんようしましょう) |
| Imperative | 援用しろ(えんようしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym引用いんようNeutralThe most general term: quoting others' writing or speech, as in 「論文を引用する」. 「援用」 is narrower, specifically invoking something to back your own argument or claim.
- Synonym援引えんいんWrittenWritten and rare: citing texts or documents as evidence, close to 「援用」. Also means winning someone over to your side.
- Synonym引証いんしょうWrittenWritten style: citing sources to back up an explanation; also the cited text itself. Leans toward scholarly annotation, while 「援用」 can also serve to assert facts.
- Related引例いんれいNeutralCiting an example as evidence, or the example itself; the stress is on giving examples, while 「援用」 stresses borrowing support for your argument.
- RelatedサイテーションWrittenA loanword for quotations or citations in papers and books, mostly academic; in everyday speech say 「引用」.
- Related引き合いに出すひきあいにだすNeutralBrings someone or something up as an example for explanation, reference or comparison, as in 「他社を引き合いに出す」; more colloquial than 「援用」.
For general quoting use 「引用」; use 「援用」 when invoking theories, precedents or facts to support your own claim, as in 「判例を援用する」; to mention something as an example, 「引き合いに出す」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


