援用|えんようen'you[0]heiban (flat)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbquotation (to support one's argument); citation (e.g. of a precedent); invocation; claim
Conjugation
Dictionary form援用する(えんようする)
Polite (masu)援用します(えんようします)
Negative (nai)援用しない(えんようしない)
polite (masen)援用しません(えんようしません)
classical zu / nu援用せず・援用せぬ(えんようせず・えんようせぬ)
Past (ta)援用した(えんようした)
polite (mashita)援用しました(えんようしました)
Past negative (nakatta)援用しなかった(えんようしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)援用しませんでした(えんようしませんでした)
Te form援用して(えんようして)
Potential援用できる(えんようできる)
Passive援用される(えんようされる)
Causative援用させる(えんようさせる)
Causative passive援用させられる(えんようさせられる)
Conditional (ba)援用すれば(えんようすれば)
tara援用したら(えんようしたら)
Volitional援用しよう(えんようしよう)
polite (mashou)援用しましょう(えんようしましょう)
Imperative援用しろ(えんようしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym引用いんようNeutralThe most general term: quoting others' writing or speech, as in 「論文を引用する」. 「援用」 is narrower, specifically invoking something to back your own argument or claim.
  • Synonym援引えんいんWrittenWritten and rare: citing texts or documents as evidence, close to 「援用」. Also means winning someone over to your side.
  • Synonym引証いんしょうWrittenWritten style: citing sources to back up an explanation; also the cited text itself. Leans toward scholarly annotation, while 「援用」 can also serve to assert facts.
  • Related引例いんれいNeutralCiting an example as evidence, or the example itself; the stress is on giving examples, while 「援用」 stresses borrowing support for your argument.
  • RelatedサイテーションWrittenA loanword for quotations or citations in papers and books, mostly academic; in everyday speech say 「引用」.
  • Related引き合いに出すひきあいにだすNeutralBrings someone or something up as an example for explanation, reference or comparison, as in 「他社を引き合いに出す」; more colloquial than 「援用」.

For general quoting use 「引用」; use 「援用」 when invoking theories, precedents or facts to support your own claim, as in 「判例を援用する」; to mention something as an example, 「引き合いに出す」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 自説じせつを支持しじするため、既存きそんの文献ぶんけん等とうを論拠ろんきょとして示しめすこと。
  2. 主張しゅちょうするために事実じじつを持ち出もちだすこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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