横領|おうりょうouryou[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, transitive verbembezzlement; misappropriation; usurpation
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 横領する(おうりょうする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 横領します(おうりょうします) |
| Negative (nai) | 横領しない(おうりょうしない) |
| polite (masen) | 横領しません(おうりょうしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 横領せず・横領せぬ(おうりょうせず・おうりょうせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 横領した(おうりょうした) |
| polite (mashita) | 横領しました(おうりょうしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 横領しなかった(おうりょうしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 横領しませんでした(おうりょうしませんでした) |
| Te form | 横領して(おうりょうして) |
| Potential | 横領できる(おうりょうできる) |
| Passive | 横領される(おうりょうされる) |
| Causative | 横領させる(おうりょうさせる) |
| Causative passive | 横領させられる(おうりょうさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 横領すれば(おうりょうすれば) |
| tara | 横領したら(おうりょうしたら) |
| Volitional | 横領しよう(おうりょうしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 横領しましょう(おうりょうしましょう) |
| Imperative | 横領しろ(おうりょうしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym着服ちゃくふくWrittenWritten. Secretly pocketing money one handles; can also mean putting on clothes. 「横領」 is the formal legal term and applies more broadly.
- Related窃盗せっとうWrittenWritten. Stealing property in another's keeping. 「横領」 is taking property already in one's hands or out of another's possession — different offences.
- Related盗みぬすみNeutralEveryday word for stealing. 「横領」 is not theft but illegally appropriating other people's or public property as one's own.
- Related横取りよこどりCasualColloquial. Snatching someone's things or the fruits of their work from the side. 「横領」 is unlawful appropriation of property, used mostly in law and news.
- Related横奪おうだつWrittenRare, written. Taking others' property by force. 「横領」 focuses on illegal appropriation and does not imply force.
- Related窃取せっしゅWrittenWritten. Secretly stealing what belongs to others. 「横領」 involves no stealing — it is unlawful appropriation of another's property.
- Related使い込みつかいこみCasualColloquial. Spending money entrusted to you as you please, as in 「会社の金の使い込み」. 「横領」 is the formal term and the legal charge.
- Related盗取とうしゅWrittenRare, written. Stealing others' property, with the emphasis on theft. Say 「盗み」 in daily speech and 「横領」 for appropriating funds.
- Antonym返還へんかんWrittenWritten. Returning something to its original owner — the opposite of 「横領」, which keeps others' property for oneself.
Use 「横領」 for illegally taking others' or public property as one's own, as in 「公金横領」. For secretly pocketing money one handles, use 「着服」 (or colloquial 「使い込み」); for stealing, 「窃盗」; 「返還」 is the opposite, returning property.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


