残業|ざんぎょうzangyou[0]heiban (flat)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbovertime (work)
    上司じょうしに残業ざんぎょうさせられたんだよ。↗
    My boss made me work overtime.
Conjugation
Dictionary form残業する(ざんぎょうする)
Polite (masu)残業します(ざんぎょうします)
Negative (nai)残業しない(ざんぎょうしない)
polite (masen)残業しません(ざんぎょうしません)
classical zu / nu残業せず・残業せぬ(ざんぎょうせず・ざんぎょうせぬ)
Past (ta)残業した(ざんぎょうした)
polite (mashita)残業しました(ざんぎょうしました)
Past negative (nakatta)残業しなかった(ざんぎょうしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)残業しませんでした(ざんぎょうしませんでした)
Te form残業して(ざんぎょうして)
Potential残業できる(ざんぎょうできる)
Passive残業される(ざんぎょうされる)
Causative残業させる(ざんぎょうさせる)
Causative passive残業させられる(ざんぎょうさせられる)
Conditional (ba)残業すれば(ざんぎょうすれば)
tara残業したら(ざんぎょうしたら)
Volitional残業しよう(ざんぎょうしよう)
polite (mashou)残業しましょう(ざんぎょうしましょう)
Imperative残業しろ(ざんぎょうしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • SynonymオーバータイムNeutralLoanword for overtime, also extra time in a sports match; leans sporting contexts. In everyday speech 「残業」 is the normal word.
  • Synonym超過勤務ちょうかきんむFormalFormal term for working beyond set hours, as in 「超過勤務手当」; typical of civil-service rules rather than everyday speech.
  • Related超勤ちょうきんWrittenWritten abbreviation of 「超過勤務」; mostly internal civil-service jargon, rare in casual conversation.
  • Antonym定時退社NeutralLeaving work on time; the opposite of 「残業」, which is staying past regular hours.

For working past regular hours say 「残業」, as in 「残業代」 and 「サービス残業」. In formal or official contexts use 「超過勤務」; its opposite is 「定時退社」. 「オーバータイム」 is mostly for sports.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 規定きていの時間じかんを超こえて働はたらくこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

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