灯る・点る・燈る|ともるtomoru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

とぼるtoboru
Which spelling to use
灯る灯る(ともる) is the most common and most standard written form. It is the recommended default for beginners.
点る点る(ともる) is a less common written variant. Beginners should use 灯る(ともる) by default.
燈る燈る(ともる) is a less common variant written with the outdated kanji 燈. Beginners should use 灯る(ともる) instead.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
    窓まどに灯あかりがともっていた。↗
    There was a light burning in the window.
Conjugation
Dictionary form灯る(ともる)
Polite (masu)灯ります(ともります)
Negative (nai)灯らない(ともらない)
polite (masen)灯りません(ともりません)
classical zu / nu灯らず・灯らぬ(ともらず・ともらぬ)
Past (ta)灯った(ともった)
polite (mashita)灯りました(ともりました)
Past negative (nakatta)灯らなかった(ともらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)灯りませんでした(ともりませんでした)
Te form灯って(ともって)
Potential灯れる(ともれる)
Passive灯られる(ともられる)
Causative灯らせる(ともらせる)
Causative passive灯らせられる・灯らされる(ともらせられる・ともらされる)
Conditional (ba)灯れば(ともれば)
tara灯ったら(ともったら)
Volitional灯ろう(ともろう)
polite (mashou)灯りましょう(ともりましょう)
Imperative灯れ(ともれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive灯るともる⇄transitive灯すともす
火ひが灯ともる
火ひを灯ともす
灯る is intransitive and describes a light or flame coming into being on its own (火が灯る 'the fire lights'), while 灯す is transitive and focuses on the agent's action of lighting it (火を灯す 'light a fire').

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 灯あかりがつく。点灯てんとうする。
Kanji in this word

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