禁ずる|きんずるkinzuru[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto forbid; to ban; to prohibit
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto suppress (a feeling, laughter, etc.); to hold back (e.g. tears)usu. as 禁じ得ない
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 禁ずる（きんずる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 禁ずます（きんずます） |
| Negative (nai) | 禁ずない（きんずない） |
| polite (masen) | 禁ずません（きんずません） |
| classical zu / nu | 禁ずず・禁ずぬ（きんずず・きんずぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 禁ずた（きんずた） |
| polite (mashita) | 禁ずました（きんずました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 禁ずなかった（きんずなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 禁ずませんでした（きんずませんでした） |
| Te form | 禁ずて（きんずて） |
| Potential | 禁ずられる（きんずられる） |
| Passive | 禁ずられる（きんずられる） |
| Causative | 禁ずさせる（きんずさせる） |
| Causative passive | 禁ずさせられる（きんずさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 禁ずれば（きんずれば） |
| tara | 禁ずたら（きんずたら） |
| Volitional | 禁ずよう（きんずよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 禁ずましょう（きんずましょう） |
| Imperative | 禁ずろ（きんずろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym禁止きんしNeutralThe standard noun for prohibition, as in 「駐車禁止」; far more common than the headword, which is a literary verb form.
- Synonym禁じるきんじるNeutralSame meaning but the everyday verb form, at home in both speech and writing, as in 「喫煙を禁じる」; the headword sounds more literary.
- Synonym禁制きんせいWrittenWritten style for a ban or prohibition, as in 「女人禁制」; carries a traditional flavor.
- Synonym禁断きんだんWrittenWritten style for banning and cutting off, as in 「禁断症状」; 「禁断の果実」 adds a forbidden-temptation nuance.
- Related封じるふうじるWrittenWritten style: to seal or block, as in 「口を封じる」; suggests forceful suppression rather than an outright ban.
- Related差し止めるさしとめるWrittenFormal, to stop or halt something, as in 「出版を差し止める」; mostly legal and administrative contexts.
- Related禁戒きんかいWrittenWritten style for religious precepts and taboos; rare in modern Japanese.
- Antonym許すゆるすNeutralTo permit or allow — the direct opposite of forbidding with 「禁ずる」.
- Antonym許可するNeutralTo grant permission, the opposite of 「禁ずる」, as in 「入場を許可する」.
In writing, use 「禁ずる」 to forbid something or hold back an emotion, as in 「立ち入りを禁ずる」 or 「笑いを禁じ得ない」. For the noun say 「禁止」; for a verb that also works in speech, use 「禁じる」. The written terms 禁制, 禁戒, 禁断, 差し止める and 封じる cover formal and specialized uses; the opposites are 「許す」 and 「許可する」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
