翁|おきなokina[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nounold man; venerable gentleman
2. suffixvenerable; old; father

• SynonymじじCasualColloquial for an old geezer, often disrespectful or familiar; it lacks the respect built into 「翁」.
• SynonymじいさんCasualFairly casual spoken term for an old man or one's grandfather, with a friendly feel; it lacks the dignified, archaic flavor of 「翁」.
• Synonym老翁ろうおうWrittenWritten Sino-Japanese word for an aged man, more objective than 「翁」, which reads 「おきな」 or 「オウ」; as 「オウ」 it follows names as an honorific, as in 「芭蕉翁」.
• Synonym老夫ろうふWrittenRefers to an old man; rare even in written prose and carries no respectful coloring, unlike the venerable tone of 「翁」.
• Synonym老爺ろうやWrittenRefers to an old fellow; rare in writing, with a slightly affectionate or contemptuous shade that 「翁」 does not have.
• Antonym姥うばWrittenRefers to an elderly woman, the female counterpart of 「翁」; it also names a Noh mask of an old woman.
• Antonym嫗おうなWrittenArchaic word for an old woman, the counterpart of 「翁」, found mostly in classical writing.

Use 「翁」 for an old man in legends or as an honorific after a name, as in 「竹取の翁」「芭蕉翁」. For everyday grandpa say 「おじいさん」; in formal prose 「老翁」 fits. For old women the counterparts are 「嫗」 and 「姥」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （オウ）男性だんせいの老人ろうじんの漢語かんご的てき表現ひょうげん。人名じんめいの後うしろにつけて敬称けいしょうとすることもある。
2. （おきな）男性だんせいの老人ろうじん。