腰掛ける・腰かける・腰掛る|こしかけるkoshikakeru[4]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Which spelling to use
腰掛ける腰掛ける is the most common written form and the recommended choice for beginners; use it by default when writing this word.
腰かける腰かける is a less common written variant of 腰掛ける. Beginners should normally choose 腰掛ける instead.
腰掛る腰掛る is a less common written variant with irregular okurigana; beginners should choose 腰掛ける instead.
Definitions
- ichidan verb, intransitive verbto sit (down)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 腰掛ける（こしかける） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 腰掛けます（こしかけます） |
| Negative (nai) | 腰掛けない（こしかけない） |
| polite (masen) | 腰掛けません（こしかけません） |
| classical zu / nu | 腰掛けず・腰掛けぬ（こしかけず・こしかけぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 腰掛けた（こしかけた） |
| polite (mashita) | 腰掛けました（こしかけました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 腰掛けなかった（こしかけなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 腰掛けませんでした（こしかけませんでした） |
| Te form | 腰掛けて（こしかけて） |
| Potential | 腰掛けられる（こしかけられる） |
| Passive | 腰掛けられる（こしかけられる） |
| Causative | 腰掛けさせる（こしかけさせる） |
| Causative passive | 腰掛けさせられる（こしかけさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 腰掛ければ（こしかければ） |
| tara | 腰掛けたら（こしかけたら） |
| Volitional | 腰掛けよう（こしかけよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 腰掛けましょう（こしかけましょう） |
| Imperative | 腰掛けろ（こしかけろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym座るすわるNeutralThe everyday, most common word for sitting; it also covers kneeling and taking a post. 「腰掛ける」 is limited to perching on a chair or other raised spot.
- Synonym着座ちゃくざWrittenA noun meaning taking a seat; synonymous with 「着席」 but used less often.
- Related座り込むすわりこむNeutralSitting down and staying put — plopping down and refusing to move, or staging a sit-in. Unlike 「腰掛ける」, it stresses remaining seated.
- Related着席ちゃくせきWrittenA noun for taking one's seat, as in 「ご着席ください」; formal.
- Related座するざするWrittenWritten-style word for sitting, as in 「座して待つ」 (to sit and wait); it can also mean being implicated in an affair.
- Related座すざすWrittenA classical form of 「座する」; written style and rarely seen in modern Japanese.
- Antonym立ち上がるたちあがるNeutralTo stand up or rise to one's feet — the opposite of sitting down with 「腰掛ける」.
Use 「腰掛ける」 for sitting on a chair or bench; 「座る」 is the everyday all-purpose word for sitting. For formal invitations to be seated use 「着席」, for sitting down and staying put or a sit-in use 「座り込む」; 「立ち上がる」 is the opposite, to stand up.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
