自害|じがいjigai[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbsuicide (carried out with a blade, gun, etc.)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 自害する(じがいする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 自害します(じがいします) |
| Negative (nai) | 自害しない(じがいしない) |
| polite (masen) | 自害しません(じがいしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 自害せず・自害せぬ(じがいせず・じがいせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 自害した(じがいした) |
| polite (mashita) | 自害しました(じがいしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 自害しなかった(じがいしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 自害しませんでした(じがいしませんでした) |
| Te form | 自害して(じがいして) |
| Potential | 自害できる(じがいできる) |
| Passive | 自害される(じがいされる) |
| Causative | 自害させる(じがいさせる) |
| Causative passive | 自害させられる(じがいさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 自害すれば(じがいすれば) |
| tara | 自害したら(じがいしたら) |
| Volitional | 自害しよう(じがいしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 自害しましょう(じがいしましょう) |
| Imperative | 自害しろ(じがいしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym自決じけつWrittenWritten/formal prose. Dying by one's own decision, often to prove one's resolve, as among soldiers; also national self-determination. 「自害」 stresses the blade or gun.
- Related自殺じさつNeutralThe most common modern term, neutral and objective. 「自害」 is more written in tone and mostly means suicide by blade or gun, seen in historical accounts and news reports.
- Antonym他害たがいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Harming others, used mostly in psychiatry and often paired with 「自傷」; it opposes 「自害」 only in the harm-to-self vs. harm-to-others sense.
Default to 「自殺」, the everyday modern word. Use 「自害」 in written prose for suicide with a blade, gun, etc.; use 「自決」 for taking one's own life by one's own decision, as when soldiers die to prove their resolve.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


