死ぬ|しぬshinu[0]heiban (flat)

1. godan verb, intransitive verbto die; to pass away
   その少年しょうねんは死しんだものとしてあきらめられた。↗

   The boy was given up for dead.
2. godan verb, intransitive verbto lose spirit; to lose vigor; to look dead
3. godan verb, intransitive verbto cease; to stop

• Synonym死亡しぼうWrittenSino-Japanese word for death as a plain fact, used in reports and statistics (「死亡事故」); unemotional. 「死ぬ」 is the everyday verb.
• Synonym死去しきょWrittenA person's death, mostly in news reports (「〇〇氏死去」); more objective and formal than 「死ぬ」.
• Synonym逝去せいきょWrittenRespectful term for another's death (「ご逝去」), used in obituaries and condolences. 「死ぬ」 is blunt, but a factual account — even of a historical figure — is not rude.
• Synonym物故ぶっこWrittenWritten word for a person's death, seen in lists and rosters; has an old-fashioned air. 「死ぬ」 is the everyday term.
• Synonym他界たかいWrittenEuphemism for passing away (「祖父が他界した」); softer than 「死ぬ」, mostly in written narrative.
• Synonym亡くなるなくなるNeutralPolite euphemism for 「死ぬ」; the usual choice when mentioning a person's death in daily life. For things disappearing, write 「無くなる」.
• Synonym死没しぼつWrittenWritten word for death, used in chronologies and statistics (「死没者」). 「死ぬ」 is the everyday verb.
• Synonymお隠れになるおかくれになるFormalHonorific for the death of emperors and other exalted figures; rarely heard today. For ordinary people say 「亡くなる」.
• Synonym事切れることきれるWrittenTo breathe one's last; stresses the very moment life ends. 「死ぬ」 is the general term, not tied to that moment.
• Synonym絶命ぜつめいWrittenBreathing one's last, often in accidents or disasters with a sense of tragedy. 「死ぬ」 is the general term.
• Synonym崩御ほうぎょFormalExclusively for the death of an emperor, empress, empress dowager or king; deeply respectful. Never used for ordinary people.
• Synonymへい死へいしWrittenLiterally to collapse and die; now an objective term for livestock, poultry or fish dying, common in farming and disease-control reports. 「死ぬ」 is the everyday word.
• Synonym薨去こうきょFormalFor imperial family members such as princes, princesses and a crown princess, or nobles of third rank and up; used in imperial reporting or about ancient nobility.
• Synonym卒去しゅっきょFormalFormerly for officials of the fourth and fifth ranks and other high-ranking people; today mostly in accounts of historical figures.
• Synonym絶息ぜっそくWrittenWritten word for breathing one's last, also for things ceasing; not used in daily life. Say 「死ぬ」 in speech.
• Synonym長逝ちょうせいWrittenWritten word for passing away, eternal sleep; found in eulogies with a solemn tone. 「死ぬ」 is the everyday term.
• Synonym落命らくめいWrittenLosing one's life, often in accidents or battle; leans written. 「死ぬ」 has no restriction on cause of death.
• Synonym身罷るみまかるWrittenArchaic, elegant word for passing from this world; found in literature and formal letters or obituaries, not in everyday speech.
• Synonymこの世を去るこのよをさるNeutralEuphemism for leaving this world; softer than 「死ぬ」, mostly in narration and speeches.
• Synonym死するしするWrittenSuru-verb meaning the same as 「死ぬ」 but with a strong classical flavor (「死して名を残す」); not used in daily life.
• Synonym永逝えいせいWrittenWritten word for departing forever, equivalent to 「逝去」; very rare. Say 「亡くなる」 in daily life.
• Synonym世を去るよをさるNeutralEuphemism for dying, but also for entering the priesthood or withdrawing from the world — meanings 「死ぬ」 does not have.
• Synonym逝くいくWrittenTo pass away, with a literary touch; read 「いく」 or 「ゆく」 (「父が逝った」). 「死ぬ」 is more direct.
• Antonym生きるいきるNeutralAntonym of 「死ぬ」: to live and survive, but also to make a living or be effective (「生きた知識」).

Default to 「死ぬ」. When speaking of someone's death, the polite everyday choice is 「亡くなる」; news reports use 「死去」 and 「死亡」, obituaries 「逝去」, the emperor's death is 「崩御」, and 「他界」 is a softer way to say someone passed. 「へい死」 is the objective term for livestock or fish dying in farming and disease-control reports; most of the others are literary, classical or rank-specific. 「生きる」 is the antonym.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 命いのちが無なくなる。生命せいめいとしての活動かつどうを終おえる。
2. 動うごかなくなる。役やくに立たたなくなる。こわれる。
3. 状態じょうたいや機構きこう、機能きのうが凍結とうけつしている。
4. 生気せいきがなくなる。疲労困憊ひろうこんぱいする。
5. 囲碁いごで、自分じぶんの石いしが周まわりを相手あいての石いしで囲かこわれ取とられる。
6. アウトをとられる。
7. コンピューター上じょうで実行じっこう中ちゅうのプロセスが意図いとせず終了しゅうりょうすること。また強制きょうせい終了しゅうりょうさせたいプロセスが実際じっさいに終了しゅうりょうすること。
8. （「死しぬほど」などの形かたちで）程度ていどがはなはだしいことを表あらわす。とてつもなく。大変たいへんに。
9. （「死しんでも」などの形かたちで）強つよい意志いしを表あらわす。絶対ぜったいに。どうしても。