苦心|くしんkushin[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbpains; hard work; effort; trouble; labour; labor
    苦心くしんの甲斐かいがあった。↗
    That was well worth the trouble.
Conjugation
Dictionary form苦心する(くしんする)
Polite (masu)苦心します(くしんします)
Negative (nai)苦心しない(くしんしない)
polite (masen)苦心しません(くしんしません)
classical zu / nu苦心せず・苦心せぬ(くしんせず・くしんせぬ)
Past (ta)苦心した(くしんした)
polite (mashita)苦心しました(くしんしました)
Past negative (nakatta)苦心しなかった(くしんしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)苦心しませんでした(くしんしませんでした)
Te form苦心して(くしんして)
Potential苦心できる(くしんできる)
Passive苦心される(くしんされる)
Causative苦心させる(くしんさせる)
Causative passive苦心させられる(くしんさせられる)
Conditional (ba)苦心すれば(くしんすれば)
tara苦心したら(くしんしたら)
Volitional苦心しよう(くしんしよう)
polite (mashou)苦心しましょう(くしんしましょう)
Imperative苦心しろ(くしんしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym苦労くろうNeutralCovers toil and hardship in general, including a hard life; 「苦心」 stresses racking one's brains to get something done well.
  • Related労するろうするWrittenWritten/formal verb for laboring or taking pains; 「苦心」 is a noun that stresses mental effort and ingenuity.
  • Antonym安楽あんらくNeutralAntonym on the hardship–ease axis: means comfort and ease.

Use 「苦心」 for racking your brains to accomplish something well, as in 「苦心の作」; for ordinary toil and hardship use 「苦労」. The opposite is 「安楽」, comfort and ease.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 物事ものごとを成し遂なしとげるのにあれこれ考かんがえたり迷まよったりして苦労くろうすること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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