以上は|いじょうは
- 1Now that one has made a commitment, one must follow through.Ex. 1
- 2Given one's role or status, one should act accordingly.Ex. 2
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Somewhat formal and firm, this pattern is common in writing, speeches, and serious advice. The following clause typically expresses an obligation, resolve, or judgment, as in 〜なければならない or 〜べきだ; からには is close in meaning but somewhat more conversational.
Note that nouns take である, not な or の, before 以上は; な-adjectives can take な or である.
Note that the premise is presented as an established fact or firm commitment, not a hypothetical assumption.
- からにはN2「からには」 has essentially the same meaning as 「以上は」, and the two are interchangeable in most cases. 「からには」 sounds more emphatic and is common in both speech and writing, while 「以上は」 is slightly more formal; note that na-adjectives attach to 「からには」 only via 「である」, never with 「な」.
- 上はN2「上は」 means almost the same as 「以上は」 and is interchangeable with it in most cases. It is, however, stiffer and more literary, rarely heard in everyday conversation; verbs take the dictionary or た form, while nouns and na-adjectives can only use 「である上は」 — never 「な」.
- ためにN3「ために」 expresses purpose or reason; as a reason it objectively states an accomplished result and is usually not followed by commands or requests, whereas 「以上は」 is typically followed by an obligation or a resolve — with nouns, 「ために」 takes 「の」 while 「以上は」 takes 「である」. The two are not interchangeable.
- からといってN2「からといって」 means 'just because... doesn't mean...': it rejects a conclusion or course of action drawn from the first clause, and the second clause is usually a negation, partial negation, or prohibition, whereas 「以上は」 follows the premise to an obligation, resolve, or judgment. The two are not interchangeable.
- としたら / とすればN3With 「としたら / とすれば」, the first clause is an uncertain or counterfactual supposition, whereas with 「以上は」 it is an established fact. When attaching to a noun, the pattern is 「だとしたら」, while 「以上は」 uses 「である以上は」. The two are not interchangeable.
- ことだからN2「ことだから」 attaches to 「noun + の」 and infers someone's behavior from what you know of their character and conduct, with the second clause typically containing 「はずだ」 or 「きっと」; 「以上は」 takes an established fact or a person's status as its premise and leads to an obligation, resolve, or judgment. The two are not interchangeable.
からには is close but somewhat more conversational; 上は is more literary and mainly follows verbs. ために expresses purpose or cause, からといって challenges an inference from a premise, としたら / とすれば introduce a hypothetical, and ことだから draws on a person's known character.


