勉強|べんきょうbenkyou[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbstudy
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbdiligence; working hard
- nounexperience; knowledge; lesson (for the future)
- noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbdiscount; price reduction
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 勉強する（べんきょうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 勉強します（べんきょうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 勉強しない（べんきょうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 勉強しません（べんきょうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 勉強せず・勉強せぬ（べんきょうせず・べんきょうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 勉強した（べんきょうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 勉強しました（べんきょうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 勉強しなかった（べんきょうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 勉強しませんでした（べんきょうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 勉強して（べんきょうして） |
| Potential | 勉強できる（べんきょうできる） |
| Passive | 勉強される（べんきょうされる） |
| Causative | 勉強させる（べんきょうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 勉強させられる（べんきょうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 勉強すれば（べんきょうすれば） |
| tara | 勉強したら（べんきょうしたら） |
| Volitional | 勉強しよう（べんきょうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 勉強しましょう（べんきょうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 勉強しろ（べんきょうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym学問がくもんNeutralNeutral. Covers systematic scholarship and learning as well as the act of pursuing it, as in 「学問の自由」「学問をする」; more weighty than 「勉強」 and academic in flavour.
- Synonym勉学べんがくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Diligent pursuit of learning, as in 「勉学に励む」; more formal than 「勉強」.
- Synonym修学しゅうがくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Pursuing one's studies; common mainly in 「修学旅行」.
- Synonym学習がくしゅうNeutralNeutral. Systematic learning, mostly in education and science, as in 「機械学習」; more formal than 「勉強」.
- Synonym学ぶまなぶNeutralNeutral verb. To learn or study under someone, as in 「先輩に学ぶ」; broader than 「勉強する」 and carries a sense of seeking instruction.
- Synonym学がくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Learning and scholarship, or a suffix naming a field of study, as in 「心理学」.
- Synonym学業がくぎょうNeutralNeutral. Schoolwork and study at school, as in 「学業成績」「学業に専念する」.
- Synonym学びまなびNeutralNeutral noun. Learning or what one has learned, as in 「学びの場」; carries a positive nuance.
- Synonym学修がくしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Completing a set course of study; very rare — say 「勉強」 or 「学習」 in daily speech.
- Related研究けんきゅうNeutralNeutral. In-depth investigation of a problem, as in 「文献を研究する」; deeper and more specialised than 「勉強」, mainly academic or professional.
- Related研修けんしゅうNeutralNeutral. On-the-job training, as in 「新人研修」; the object is work skills.
- Related修業しゅうぎょうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Studying and mastering an art or discipline, as in 「修業年限」.
- Related稽古けいこNeutralNeutral. Practising martial and traditional arts, as in 「茶道の稽古」; the emphasis is on repeated practice.
- Related修めるおさめるWrittenWritten/formal prose. To pursue studies or master an art, as in 「学問を修める」.
- Related修するしゅうするWrittenWritten/formal prose. To master a subject, train oneself, or hold a Buddhist rite; not used in everyday speech.
- Related修習しゅうしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Apprenticeship-style training, as in 「司法修習」; mostly in the legal field.
- Antonym遊びあそびNeutralNeutral antonym. Play and amusement, the opposite of 「勉強」.
For everyday study, 「勉強」 is the default. Use 「学習」 in formal educational or scientific contexts, 「学ぶ」 for learning from others, 「学業」 for schoolwork, 「研修」 for workplace training, 「稽古」 for practising an art, and 「研究」 for academic inquiry. The written alternatives (「勉学」「修学」「学」 etc.) are mostly for formal prose.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
