How to say "below" in Japanese

• 下したJLPT N5approx.Common
  nounThe everyday word for physical position: something below or under something else, or lower in rank or age, as with a younger daughter. If 'below' points to a place, this is the word.
  「ところでよ、そのおめーのお父とうさんはどこにいんのさ？」「横転おうてんしたトラックの下したなんよ」↗

  "By the way, where's your old man?" "Under that over-turned truck."
• 未満みまんJLPT N2approx.Common
  noun (suffix), noun, adverbUsed with numbers and amounts: less than a stated figure, which itself is not included. It never describes physical position, so it is not the word for 'below' in a spatial sense.
  ５歳さい未満みまんの小人こびとは、入場料にゅうじょうりょうは要いりません。↗

  There is no admission fee for children under five.
• 以下いかJLPT N4approx.Common
  noun (suffix)Below a stated standard, level, or figure — test scores, limits, requirements — and, unlike 未満, it can include the boundary value itself. Choose it when 'below' means falling short of a set level.
  君きみの要約ようやくは平均へいきん以下いかだね。↗

  Your summary is not up to par.

Use 下 for physical position or someone younger or lower in rank, 未満 for amounts strictly less than a stated figure, and 以下 for things at or below a stated standard, level, or figure.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 下したbelow
• 未満みまんless than
• 下方にかほうにbelow
• 下ルさがるbelow
• 下にしもにdown
• 満たないみたないless than
• 以下いかbelow (a standard, level, etc.)
• 割れわれbelow (a certain level, point, quantity, etc.)