How to say "beneath" in Japanese

• 下もとCommon
  nounCovers 'beneath' in the sense of being under something, including figurative uses such as being under a flag or the sun. It points to physical position or a governing condition rather than rank.
• 以下いかJLPT N4approx.Common
  noun (suffix)Covers 'beneath' in the sense of below a standard, level, or quantity; its core meanings are 'under' and 'less than' relative to some measure. For purely physical location, it is usually not the word you want.
  君きみの要約ようやくは平均へいきん以下いかだね。↗

  Your summary is not up to par.

For the spatial or figurative sense of being under something, use 下; for the sense of below a standard, level, or amount — including 'less than' — use 以下.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 下したbeneath
• 下もとunder (a flag, the sun, etc.)
• 以下いかbelow (a standard, level, etc.)