乞う・請う|こうkou[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Which spelling to use
乞う乞う is the more common form and the recommended choice for beginners. It is written with kanji and kana.
請う請う is a less common variant of 乞う, also written with kanji and kana; beginners should choose 乞う instead.
Definitions
  1. godan verb (irregular), transitive verbto beg; to ask; to request; to invite
    お腹なかをすかせている人ひとがいればその人ひと達たちのために食べ物たべものを乞こうた。↗
    When she saw that the people were hungry, she begged for food for them.
  2. godan verb (irregular), transitive verbto pray; to wish
Conjugation
Dictionary form乞う(こう)
Polite (masu)乞います(こいます)
Negative (nai)乞わない(こわない)
polite (masen)乞いません(こいません)
classical zu / nu乞わず・乞わぬ(こわず・こわぬ)
Past (ta)乞った(こった)
polite (mashita)乞いました(こいました)
Past negative (nakatta)乞わなかった(こわなかった)
polite (masen deshita)乞いませんでした(こいませんでした)
Te form乞って(こって)
Potential乞える(こえる)
Passive乞われる(こわれる)
Causative乞わせる(こわせる)
Causative passive乞わせられる・乞わされる(こわせられる・こわされる)
Conditional (ba)乞えば(こえば)
tara乞ったら(こったら)
Volitional乞おう(こおう)
polite (mashou)乞いましょう(こいましょう)
Imperative乞え(こえ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym頼むたのむNeutralFor asking a favor or making a request; the most colloquial of the group. 「乞う」 is more written-style and carries a nuance of pleading.
  • Synonym願うねがうNeutralCovers wishing and requesting, and sounds more polite. 「乞う」 is more literary, best known from set phrases like 「乞うご期待」.
  • Synonym求めるもとめるNeutralUsed for demanding or seeking something, as in 「説明を求める」. 「乞う」 leans toward earnest pleading.
  • Related望むのぞむNeutralExpresses expectation or desire. 「乞う」 is a plea directed at the other party.

In written prose, use 「乞う」 to beg or plead, as in 「許しを乞う」; in speech say 「頼む」. Use 「願う」 for wishes and requests, 「求める」 for demands, and 「望む」 for expectations.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 【乞こう】(相手方あいてがたの積極的せっきょくてきな行為こういを)求もとめる。
  2. 【請こう】(主体しゅたいの行為こういの認諾にんだくを相手側あいてがわに)求もとめる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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