修練・修煉・修錬|しゅうれんshuuren[1]atamadaka (head-high)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Which spelling to use
修練修練 is the most common and standard written form. For learners, use it as the default.
修煉修煉 is less common than 修練 and uses outdated kanji. It is a written variant, but learners should use 修練 instead.
修錬修錬 is rarely used as a written variant of 修練. Learners should use 修練 instead.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbtraining; drill; practice; practising; discipline
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 修練する（しゅうれんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 修練します（しゅうれんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 修練しない（しゅうれんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 修練しません（しゅうれんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 修練せず・修練せぬ（しゅうれんせず・しゅうれんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 修練した（しゅうれんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 修練しました（しゅうれんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 修練しなかった（しゅうれんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 修練しませんでした（しゅうれんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 修練して（しゅうれんして） |
| Potential | 修練できる（しゅうれんできる） |
| Passive | 修練される（しゅうれんされる） |
| Causative | 修練させる（しゅうれんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 修練させられる（しゅうれんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 修練すれば（しゅうれんすれば） |
| tara | 修練したら（しゅうれんしたら） |
| Volitional | 修練しよう（しゅうれんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 修練しましょう（しゅうれんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 修練しろ（しゅうれんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym修行しゅぎょうNeutralNeutral. Originally Buddhist ascetic training, but also diligent honing of any skill, as in 「料理の修行」; 「修練」 has no religious coloring.
- Related修業しゅうぎょうNeutralNeutral. Learning an art or field of study and mastering it; also completing a course, as in 「修業年限」. Leans more academic than 「修練」.
- Related切磋琢磨せっさたくまWrittenWritten/formal. A four-character idiom stressing peers polishing each other and improving together; 「修練」 usually means individual, diligent honing.
- Related鍛錬たんれんNeutralNeutral. Centers on toughening body and mind through strict training; also forging metal. 「修練」 leans more toward skills and spirit.
- Antonym怠惰たいだWrittenWritten/formal. Laziness and idleness — the very opposite of the diligent training of 「修練」.
- Antonym放逸ほういつWrittenWritten/formal. Self-indulgent, undisciplined behavior; stands against the strict discipline of 「修練」.
Use 「修練」 for long, hard honing of body, mind and skills, as in 「修練を積む」. For studies or finishing a course pick 「修業」, for physical and mental toughening 「鍛錬」, for religious training 「修行」, and for mutual improvement among peers 「切磋琢磨」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
