包囲|ほういhoui[1]atamadaka (head-high)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbsiege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding; besiegement
    警察けいさつはその建物たてものを包囲ほういした。↗
    The police have surrounded the building.
Conjugation
Dictionary form包囲する(ほういする)
Polite (masu)包囲します(ほういします)
Negative (nai)包囲しない(ほういしない)
polite (masen)包囲しません(ほういしません)
classical zu / nu包囲せず・包囲せぬ(ほういせず・ほういせぬ)
Past (ta)包囲した(ほういした)
polite (mashita)包囲しました(ほういしました)
Past negative (nakatta)包囲しなかった(ほういしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)包囲しませんでした(ほういしませんでした)
Te form包囲して(ほういして)
Potential包囲できる(ほういできる)
Passive包囲される(ほういされる)
Causative包囲させる(ほういさせる)
Causative passive包囲させられる(ほういさせられる)
Conditional (ba)包囲すれば(ほういすれば)
tara包囲したら(ほういしたら)
Volitional包囲しよう(ほういしよう)
polite (mashou)包囲しましょう(ほういしましょう)
Imperative包囲しろ(ほういしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym取り巻くとりまくNeutralNeutral verb for encircling or for fawning on someone; 「包囲」 focuses on surrounding a target from all sides.
  • Synonym攻囲こういWrittenWritten/formal prose. Besieging a castle or city with the aim of attacking it; 「包囲」 does not necessarily involve an assault.
  • Related封鎖ふうさWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means sealing off roads, ports or freezing assets, as in 「道路封鎖」; 「包囲」 is about surrounding a target from all sides.
  • Related取り囲むとりかこむNeutralNeutral verb for closing in around someone or something, as in 「記者に取り囲まれる」; 「包囲(する)」 is more formal and targets an objective.
  • Related囲みかこみNeutralNeutral noun for an encircling ring, or a boxed column in a newspaper or magazine; 「包囲」 is the act of surrounding from all sides.
  • Related囲むかこむNeutralNeutral, the most versatile verb: to surround, gather or sit around; 「包囲」 is more formal and mostly about besieging a target.
  • Related囲うかこうNeutralNeutral verb for fencing something in, or for sheltering or hiding someone, even keeping a mistress; 「包囲」 leans toward besieging.
  • Related軍事封鎖ぐんじふうさFormalFormal term for a military blockade cutting off goods and people to or from a country or region; 「包囲」 is about the act of encircling itself.
  • Related取りこめるとりこめるNeutralNeutral verb meaning to shut someone or something in so it cannot get out; 「包囲」 pictures the encirclement from outside.
  • Related囲繞いじょうWrittenWritten/formal prose for encircling or ringing something about; 「包囲」 stresses closing in on a specific target from around it.
  • Antonym解放かいほうWrittenWritten/formal prose for freeing from restraint; the counterpart of 「包囲」, which leaves its target besieged.
  • Antonym突破とっぱWrittenWritten/formal prose for breaking through; the direct opposite of 「包囲」.

Use 「包囲」 for surrounding a target from all sides, as in 「包囲網」 or 「建物を包囲する」. For sealing off roads use 「封鎖」, for closing in on someone 「取り囲む」, and for surrounding in general 「囲む」; the opposite move is 「突破」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 周まわりを囲かこむこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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