包囲|ほういhoui[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- noun, suru verb, transitive verbsiege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding; besiegement
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 包囲する(ほういする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 包囲します(ほういします) |
| Negative (nai) | 包囲しない(ほういしない) |
| polite (masen) | 包囲しません(ほういしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 包囲せず・包囲せぬ(ほういせず・ほういせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 包囲した(ほういした) |
| polite (mashita) | 包囲しました(ほういしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 包囲しなかった(ほういしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 包囲しませんでした(ほういしませんでした) |
| Te form | 包囲して(ほういして) |
| Potential | 包囲できる(ほういできる) |
| Passive | 包囲される(ほういされる) |
| Causative | 包囲させる(ほういさせる) |
| Causative passive | 包囲させられる(ほういさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 包囲すれば(ほういすれば) |
| tara | 包囲したら(ほういしたら) |
| Volitional | 包囲しよう(ほういしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 包囲しましょう(ほういしましょう) |
| Imperative | 包囲しろ(ほういしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym取り巻くとりまくNeutralNeutral verb for encircling or for fawning on someone; 「包囲」 focuses on surrounding a target from all sides.
- Synonym攻囲こういWrittenWritten/formal prose. Besieging a castle or city with the aim of attacking it; 「包囲」 does not necessarily involve an assault.
- Related封鎖ふうさWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means sealing off roads, ports or freezing assets, as in 「道路封鎖」; 「包囲」 is about surrounding a target from all sides.
- Related取り囲むとりかこむNeutralNeutral verb for closing in around someone or something, as in 「記者に取り囲まれる」; 「包囲(する)」 is more formal and targets an objective.
- Related囲みかこみNeutralNeutral noun for an encircling ring, or a boxed column in a newspaper or magazine; 「包囲」 is the act of surrounding from all sides.
- Related囲むかこむNeutralNeutral, the most versatile verb: to surround, gather or sit around; 「包囲」 is more formal and mostly about besieging a target.
- Related囲うかこうNeutralNeutral verb for fencing something in, or for sheltering or hiding someone, even keeping a mistress; 「包囲」 leans toward besieging.
- Related軍事封鎖ぐんじふうさFormalFormal term for a military blockade cutting off goods and people to or from a country or region; 「包囲」 is about the act of encircling itself.
- Related取りこめるとりこめるNeutralNeutral verb meaning to shut someone or something in so it cannot get out; 「包囲」 pictures the encirclement from outside.
- Related囲繞いじょうWrittenWritten/formal prose for encircling or ringing something about; 「包囲」 stresses closing in on a specific target from around it.
- Antonym解放かいほうWrittenWritten/formal prose for freeing from restraint; the counterpart of 「包囲」, which leaves its target besieged.
- Antonym突破とっぱWrittenWritten/formal prose for breaking through; the direct opposite of 「包囲」.
Use 「包囲」 for surrounding a target from all sides, as in 「包囲網」 or 「建物を包囲する」. For sealing off roads use 「封鎖」, for closing in on someone 「取り囲む」, and for surrounding in general 「囲む」; the opposite move is 「突破」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


