囲む|かこむkakomu[0]heiban (flat)

1. godan verb, transitive verbto surround; to encircle; to enclose; to fence; to wall in
   湖みずうみは緑みどりの丘おかに囲かこまれている。↗

   The lake is surrounded by green hills.
2. godan verb, transitive verbto besiege; to lay siege to
3. godan verb, transitive verbto play (go, shogi, etc.)

• Synonym囲うかこうNeutralEncloses with a fence or wall, or hides and shelters someone, as in 「庭を塀で囲う」; stresses keeping something apart and protected.
• Synonym取り囲むとりかこむNeutralMany people or things closing in from all sides, as in 「記者が取り囲む」; stresses being hemmed in more than 囲む.
• Synonym取り巻くとりまくNeutralSurrounding as an environment, as in 「取り巻く環境」; also means fawning over someone.
• RelatedめぐるNeutralGoing around or touring a place, or a season coming round, as in 「池を巡る」; 「囲む」 means being positioned around something and closing it in, not moving around it.
• Related包むつつむNeutralWrapping or enveloping something, as in 「霧に包まれる」; stresses covering it completely rather than ringing it.
• Related包囲ほういWrittenEncirclement by troops or police, as in 「敵を包囲する」; carries a sense of blockade.
• Related囲繞いじょうWrittenWritten prose for surrounding or encircling; rarely used in modern Japanese.
• Antonym解放するNeutralFreeing or releasing from restraint; the opposite of besieging or surrounding.

Use 「囲む」 for surrounding something, as in 「食卓を囲む」. For a crowd closing in use 「取り囲む」, for one's surroundings 「取り巻く」, for walls or fences 「囲う」, and for a military siege 「包囲」. 「包む」 is wrapping, 「巡る」 going around.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. あるものの周まわりをふさぐようにあつまる。
2. 外そとのものと、中なかのものとを区切くぎる。周まわりを取り巻とりまいて連つらなる。周囲しゅういのすべて、または四方しほうのうち少すくなくとも三さん方向ほうこうをふさぐように存在そんざいする。
3. あるもののまわりをふさぐように線せんを引ひく。
4. 人ひとをまねいて座ざの中心ちゅうしんとする。
5. 人々ひとびとが一いち箇所かしょに集あつまって飲食いんしょくをする。
6. 将棋しょうぎ・囲碁いご・麻雀まーじゃんなどをする。