夷・戎|えびすebisu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nounpeoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu)
2. nounprovincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city)
3. nounbrutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan)
4. nounforeigner; barbarian

• Synonym夷人いじんWrittenWritten and rare; stresses an uncivilized person or foreigner with contempt, whereas 「夷」 names the unsubmissive eastern peoples or rough warriors.
• Synonym夷狄いてきWrittenWritten; centres on the derogatory term ancient China used for peoples outside its cultural sphere, and belongs mainly to kanbun-style contexts.

Use 「夷」 for the unsubmissive eastern peoples or rough warriors of ancient Japan, a word found mainly in historical documents. For barbarians in Sino-Japanese (kanbun) contexts, 「夷狄」 is the term.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 古代こだい日本にっぽんの東国とうごく（概おおむね現在げんざいの関東かんとう地方ちほう以東いとう）において、ヤマト政権せいけんに服従ふくじゅうしなかった一族いちぞく。一説いっせつにアイヌ系けい民族みんぞくとされる。
2. 古代こだいから中古ちゅうこの日本にっぽんにおいて、伝達でんたつに障害しょうがいを生しょうじるほどのよそ者もの、外国人がいこくじん。
3. 東国とうごく武士ぶし。