微笑む・頬笑む|ほほえむhohoemu[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- godan verb, intransitive verbto smile
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 微笑む(ほほえむ) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 微笑みます(ほほえみます) |
| Negative (nai) | 微笑まない(ほほえまない) |
| polite (masen) | 微笑みません(ほほえみません) |
| classical zu / nu | 微笑まず・微笑まぬ(ほほえまず・ほほえまぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 微笑んだ(ほほえんだ) |
| polite (mashita) | 微笑みました(ほほえみました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 微笑まなかった(ほほえまなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 微笑みませんでした(ほほえみませんでした) |
| Te form | 微笑んで(ほほえんで) |
| Potential | 微笑める(ほほえめる) |
| Passive | 微笑まれる(ほほえまれる) |
| Causative | 微笑ませる(ほほえませる) |
| Causative passive | 微笑ませられる・微笑まされる(ほほえませられる・ほほえまされる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 微笑めば(ほほえめば) |
| tara | 微笑んだら(ほほえんだら) |
| Volitional | 微笑もう(ほほえもう) |
| polite (mashou) | 微笑みましょう(ほほえみましょう) |
| Imperative | 微笑め(ほほえめ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym微笑びしょうNeutralSino-Japanese noun for a smile, as in 「微笑を浮かべる」; leans toward written or formal style.
- Synonym笑むえむWrittenWritten register. Means to smile, and by extension flowers opening; in modern Japanese mostly seen in set phrases like 「ほくそ笑む」.
- Related微笑みかけるほほえみかけるNeutralSmiling at someone: the person you smile at is built in, whereas 「微笑む」 does not necessarily have a target.
- Related破顔はがんWrittenWritten register: breaking into a broad smile, bigger than a 「微笑む」 smile; most often seen in 「破顔一笑」.
- Antonym泣くなくNeutralTo cry or weep — the direct opposite of 「微笑む」.
「微笑む」 is the default for a quiet, soundless smile. Use 「微笑みかける」 to smile at someone, the noun 「微笑」 in written prose, and 「破顔」 for a broad smile; the opposite is 「泣く」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


