微笑む・頬笑む|ほほえむhohoemu[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N3approx.Common
ほおえむhooemu[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
Which spelling to use
微笑む微笑む(ほほえむ) is the most common written form and the recommended choice for beginners; it is written with kanji and kana.
頬笑む頬笑む(ほほえむ) is a rarely used kanji-and-kana spelling, so learners will seldom need to choose it.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto smile
    私は赤あかちゃんを見みると微笑ほほえまずにはいられない。↗
    I cannot help smiling at babies.
Conjugation
Dictionary form微笑む(ほほえむ)
Polite (masu)微笑みます(ほほえみます)
Negative (nai)微笑まない(ほほえまない)
polite (masen)微笑みません(ほほえみません)
classical zu / nu微笑まず・微笑まぬ(ほほえまず・ほほえまぬ)
Past (ta)微笑んだ(ほほえんだ)
polite (mashita)微笑みました(ほほえみました)
Past negative (nakatta)微笑まなかった(ほほえまなかった)
polite (masen deshita)微笑みませんでした(ほほえみませんでした)
Te form微笑んで(ほほえんで)
Potential微笑める(ほほえめる)
Passive微笑まれる(ほほえまれる)
Causative微笑ませる(ほほえませる)
Causative passive微笑ませられる・微笑まされる(ほほえませられる・ほほえまされる)
Conditional (ba)微笑めば(ほほえめば)
tara微笑んだら(ほほえんだら)
Volitional微笑もう(ほほえもう)
polite (mashou)微笑みましょう(ほほえみましょう)
Imperative微笑め(ほほえめ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym微笑びしょうNeutralSino-Japanese noun for a smile, as in 「微笑を浮かべる」; leans toward written or formal style.
  • Synonym笑むえむWrittenWritten register. Means to smile, and by extension flowers opening; in modern Japanese mostly seen in set phrases like 「ほくそ笑む」.
  • Related微笑みかけるほほえみかけるNeutralSmiling at someone: the person you smile at is built in, whereas 「微笑む」 does not necessarily have a target.
  • Related破顔はがんWrittenWritten register: breaking into a broad smile, bigger than a 「微笑む」 smile; most often seen in 「破顔一笑」.
  • Antonym泣くなくNeutralTo cry or weep — the direct opposite of 「微笑む」.

「微笑む」 is the default for a quiet, soundless smile. Use 「微笑みかける」 to smile at someone, the noun 「微笑」 in written prose, and 「破顔」 for a broad smile; the opposite is 「泣く」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 声こえを出ださずに笑わらう。にっこりとする。
  2. 蕾つぼみがわずかに開ひらく。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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