戯れる|たわむれるtawamureru[4]nakadaka (mid-high)

Common
ざれるzareru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
Definitions
  1. ichidan verb, intransitive verbto be playful; to gambol; to be amused (with something); to play; to sport; to frolic; to joke
  2. ichidan verb, intransitive verbto flirt with
  3. ichidan verb, intransitive verbto have elegance; to have refinement
Conjugation
Dictionary form戯れる(たわむれる)
Polite (masu)戯れます(たわむれます)
Negative (nai)戯れない(たわむれない)
polite (masen)戯れません(たわむれません)
classical zu / nu戯れず・戯れぬ(たわむれず・たわむれぬ)
Past (ta)戯れた(たわむれた)
polite (mashita)戯れました(たわむれました)
Past negative (nakatta)戯れなかった(たわむれなかった)
polite (masen deshita)戯れませんでした(たわむれませんでした)
Te form戯れて(たわむれて)
Potential戯れられる(たわむれられる)
Passive戯れられる(たわむれられる)
Causative戯れさせる(たわむれさせる)
Causative passive戯れさせられる(たわむれさせられる)
Conditional (ba)戯れれば(たわむれれば)
tara戯れたら(たわむれたら)
Volitional戯れよう(たわむれよう)
polite (mashou)戯れましょう(たわむれましょう)
Imperative戯れろ(たわむれろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym遊ぶあそぶNeutralThe everyday, all-purpose word for playing or having fun; 「戯れる」 is more literary, with a playful or flirtatious literary flavor.
  • SynonymふざけるNeutralColloquial: to joke around or act the fool, with an unserious, improper tinge; 「戯れる」 is more refined and elegant.
  • Related遊び戯れるあそびたわむれるWrittenWritten style, meaning to frolic and romp; rare. Close to 「戯れる」 but puts more emphasis on playing to your heart's content.
  • Related弄ぶもてあそぶNeutralTransitive: to fiddle with something in your hands, or to toy with someone's feelings or handle them at will; the latter use is derogatory.
  • RelatedじゃれあうNeutralColloquial: for cats, dogs or children romping together; stresses mutual frolicking, while 「戯れる」 need not involve another party.
  • Antonym真面目にするNeutralTo take things seriously; the opposite of the playful romping of 「戯れる」, and used only rarely.

For everyday playing, use 「遊ぶ」; for cats, dogs or kids romping together, 「じゃれ合う」. In written prose for frolicking or flirting, use 「戯れる」, as in 「波と戯れる」; for fiddling with things or toying with feelings, 「弄ぶ」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 遊あそぶ。
  2. ふざける。おどける。
  3. 異性いせいに悪戯いたずらする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

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