投降|とうこうtoukou[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbsurrender
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 投降する(とうこうする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 投降します(とうこうします) |
| Negative (nai) | 投降しない(とうこうしない) |
| polite (masen) | 投降しません(とうこうしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 投降せず・投降せぬ(とうこうせず・とうこうせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 投降した(とうこうした) |
| polite (mashita) | 投降しました(とうこうしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 投降しなかった(とうこうしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 投降しませんでした(とうこうしませんでした) |
| Te form | 投降して(とうこうして) |
| Potential | 投降できる(とうこうできる) |
| Passive | 投降される(とうこうされる) |
| Causative | 投降させる(とうこうさせる) |
| Causative passive | 投降させられる(とうこうさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 投降すれば(とうこうすれば) |
| tara | 投降したら(とうこうしたら) |
| Volitional | 投降しよう(とうこうしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 投降しましょう(とうこうしましょう) |
| Imperative | 投降しろ(とうこうしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym降伏こうふくNeutralSurrendering after defeat and submitting to the enemy, as in 「無条件降伏」. Close to 投降 in meaning and more common in conversation.
- Synonym降参こうさんCasualColloquial: admitting defeat or giving in, and also being beaten by something, as in 「この暑さには降参だ」. Broader in use than 投降.
- SynonymギブアップCasualLoanword for giving up or conceding, used in sports and everyday speech. Colloquial.
- Synonym屈服くっぷくNeutralYielding to pressure, as in 「圧力に屈服」; stresses mental submission rather than surrendering to an enemy.
- Related下るくだるNeutralVerb mainly meaning to go down or (of an order or judgment) be handed down; also to surrender, as in 「敵に下る」, though that sense is rare.
- Related帰伏きふくWrittenWritten word for submitting to or going over to a side, also religious devotion; rare.
- Related伏するふくするWrittenVerb for prostrating oneself or yielding to power; written style, uncommon.
- Antonym抵抗ていこうNeutralAntonym: resisting or opposing; the opposite of surrendering.
- Antonym反抗はんこうNeutralAntonym: defying or refusing to obey authority; the opposite of yielding or surrendering.
Use 「投降」 for admitting defeat and giving oneself up to the enemy, as in 「敵に投降する」. For defeat and submission to the enemy say 「降伏」; colloquial giving-in is 「降参」; yielding to pressure is 「屈服」; the opposite is 「抵抗」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
- 敵に降参すること。


