流布|るふrufu[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb, no-adjectivecirculation; dissemination
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 流布する（るふする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 流布します（るふします） |
| Negative (nai) | 流布しない（るふしない） |
| polite (masen) | 流布しません（るふしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 流布せず・流布せぬ（るふせず・るふせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 流布した（るふした） |
| polite (mashita) | 流布しました（るふしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 流布しなかった（るふしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 流布しませんでした（るふしませんでした） |
| Te form | 流布して（るふして） |
| Potential | 流布できる（るふできる） |
| Passive | 流布される（るふされる） |
| Causative | 流布させる（るふさせる） |
| Causative passive | 流布させられる（るふさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 流布すれば（るふすれば） |
| tara | 流布したら（るふしたら） |
| Volitional | 流布しよう（るふしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 流布しましょう（るふしましょう） |
| Imperative | 流布しろ（るふしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym広まるひろまるNeutralIntransitive and the most all-purpose: something spreading widely, as in 「噂が広まる」; everyday neutral where 「流布」 is literary.
- Synonym広めるひろめるNeutralTransitive: deliberately spreading or promoting something, as in 「知識を広める」; implies intent.
- Synonym伝わるつたわるNeutralNews or feelings reaching people, or being handed down through generations; stresses transmission from one to another.
- Synonym伝播でんぱWrittenWritten style: the spread of culture or technology, as in 「仏教の伝播」.
- Synonym行き渡るいきわたるNeutralReaching every corner or every person, as in 「全員に行き渡る」; stresses nothing being left out.
- Related拡散かくさんNeutralSpreading something out; nowadays mostly about sharing or reposting online, as in 「SNSで拡散」. 「流布」 is more literary and typically used of rumors.
- Related広がるひろがるNeutralThe most common word in everyday speech for a range or area widening; not limited to the spread of news or rumors.
- Related蔓延まんえんWrittenWritten style: the spread of disease or bad practices, with a negative nuance; 「流布」 is not necessarily negative.
- Related波及はきゅうWrittenWritten style: an influence reaching other areas, as in 「経済に波及」; stresses knock-on, chain-reaction effects rather than circulation.
- Related散布さんぷNeutralScattering or spraying, e.g. 「農薬散布」; also used for spreading false rumors, as in 「デマを散布する」.
- Related伝染でんせんNeutralContagion: a disease passing between people, or figuratively a trend catching on; leans strongly toward illness.
- Related浸透しんとうWrittenWritten style: ideas or practices permeating deeply, as in 「意識の浸透」; gradual seeping-in rather than circulation.
- Related普及ふきゅうNeutralReaching the general public, as in 「スマホの普及」; positive nuance of popularization.
- Related伝搬でんぱんWrittenWritten style: transmission of radio waves, signals and the like; leans physical and academic, as in 「噂の伝搬」.
- Related喧伝けんでんWrittenWritten style: trumpeting something far and wide; active, deliberate hype. 「流布」 covers circulation whether natural or deliberate.
- Antonym秘匿ひとくWrittenAntonym. Written style: keeping something secret or hidden — the opposite of 「流布」's wide circulation.
For something simply spreading, use 「広まる」; for sharing online, 「拡散」. 「流布」 itself is written style for rumors or claims circulating in society, as in 「噂が流布する」 or 「流布本」. For the spread of culture, 「伝播」; to keep something hidden, the antonym 「秘匿」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
