病|やまいyamai[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nounillness; disease
   ジョンのおばあさんは長ながい間ま病やまいに伏ふせていたが、亡なくなった。↗

   John's grandmother passed away after a long illness.
2. nounbad habit; weakness; fault

• Synonym疾病しっぺいWrittenFormal Sino-Japanese term for illness used in medical and legal contexts, as in 「疾病予防」; 「病」 is a native word with a literary flavor.
• Synonym病気びょうきNeutralThe everyday, all-purpose word for illness, as in 「病気になる」; the most common choice in daily speech, unlike the literary 「病」.
• Synonym疾患しっかんNeutralMedical term for a disease or disorder, often forming compounds such as 「心臓疾患」; clinical in register.
• Synonym病魔びょうまNeutralPersonifies disease as a demon, as in 「病魔と闘う」; a vivid, figurative word.
• Synonym病患びょうかんWrittenWritten word for sickness and the suffering it brings; rare in modern Japanese — say 「病気」 instead.
• Related病態びょうたいNeutralMedical term for the state or condition of a disease — how an illness presents — rather than for the illness itself.
• Related所労しょろうWrittenWritten word meaning fatigue or weariness, and by extension illness; uncommon.
• Antonym健康けんこうNeutralHealth — the state of body and mind being in good condition, as in 「健康な体」; the direct opposite of 「病」.
• Antonym平癒へいゆWrittenFormal word for recovering from an illness, as in 「病気平癒」; often used in prayers and wishes for recovery.

Use 「病」 for illness or an unhealthy obsession said with a literary touch, as in 「不治の病」, 「恋の病」 or the proverb 「病は気から」. In everyday speech say 「病気」; in medical contexts use 「疾患」 or formal 「疾病」. 「病態」 names a disease's condition, 「病魔」 personifies it, and 「病患」 and 「所労」 are rare written words. The opposite is 「健康」; 「平癒」 is a formal word for recovery.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （やまい）病気びょうき。